大冈升平的东南亚叙事与战争认知——文学文本的政治指涉阐析

日本战后派作家大冈升平及其创作深受中日文坛关注.一种通行的观点是:他深刻揭露和批判了日本法西斯军国主义发动的那场侵略战争,表现出鲜明的反对法西斯侵略战争的思想倾向.笔者结合社会政治语境,对其作品做了深入的文本分析,意图通过对个案的考察,揭示出日本社会一般的错误战争认知理念所赖以产生的深层社会历史原因,批驳那种视大冈为反战作家的一厢情愿的、误导性的解读,消除由此造成的遮蔽,还原真相.     

环境犯罪学与社区警务

环境犯罪学研究产生犯罪的环境原因。其主要理论包括:防卫空间理论、破窗理论和环境设计预防犯罪理论。借鉴这些理论与实践措施,对我国社区警务有积极意义。     

FUNDING COMMUNITY POLICING TO REDUCE CRIME: HAVE COPS GRANTS MADE A DIFFERENCE?*

Research Summary: This research examines how funding from the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), has affected violent and property crime rates in the United States from 1995 to 1999. Drawing on six years of panel data, we examine the effects of three types of awards made by COPS to 6,100 law enforcement agencies serving more than 145 million citizens. We estimate their impact on crime reduction over time in jurisdictions receiving funding and controlling for baseline levels of crime, socioeconomic characteristics, city size, and population diversity and mobility. Our analyses suggest that COPS hiring and innovative grant programs have resulted in significant reductions in local crime rates in cities with populations greater than 10,000 for both violent and nonviolent offenses. Multivariate analysis shows that in cities with populations greater than 10,000, an increase in one dollar of hiring grant funding per resident contributed to a corresponding decline of 5.26 violent crimes and 21.63 property crimes per 100,000 residents. Similarly, an increase in one dollar of innovative grant funding per resident has contributed to a decline of 12.93 violent crimes and 45.53 property crimes per 100,000 persons. In addition, the findings suggest that COPS grants have had no significant negative effect on violent and property crime rates in cities with less than 10,000 population. Policy Implications: The findings of this study imply that COPS program funding to medium‐ and large‐size cities has been an effective force in reducing both violent and property crime. Federal government grants made directly to law enforcement agencies to hire additional officers and promote innovations may be an effective way to reduce crime on a national scale.     

试论民警公务用枪的管理与使用

近年来,随着社会治安形势越来越复杂,民警遭袭击的案件呈逐年上升的趋势,同时还造成民警伤亡也不断增多,究其原因,主要是民警公务用枪的管理使用存在问题。由于警务用枪的管理“过死”和民警用枪的技能弱化,在许多紧急情况下,贻误战机,放纵了罪犯,严重影响了警务工作的正常开展,削弱了公安机关的战斗力和威慑力。     

市民社会视野中的社区警务战略

市民社会的兴起是社区建设的重要特征,给新警务模式———社区警务带来了巨大影响。市　　民社会的兴起是提出社区警务的重要背景,是社区警务运行的现实基础,有效促进了社区警务工作的变　　革。     

虚拟社会警务工作中的重点、难点问题探析

虚拟社会的警务工作是一个新课题。目前,虚拟社会警务工作面临着法律依据不完善、管理体制不明确、管辖权划分失当、管理队伍不健全、管理模式落后等诸多困难。针对这一系列的难点与挑战,应开创虚拟社会警务工作的新思路,通过完善有关法律法规、强化虚拟警务建设、建立网络舆情预警机制、强化重点网站监管、打击虚拟社会中的不良行为和不法行为等措施,保障虚拟社会警务工作的高效有序。     

Problem-oriented policing of transnational environmental crimes: a social harms approach

Since the publication of Herman Goldstein’s seminal article on Problem-oriented Policing (POP) in 1979, criminologists have attempted to apply its proactive methodology, with a large body of police work concentrating on how operational policing can benefit from the methodologies of POP, and specifically how events are recognised, approached and resolved as policing problems. Even then, most of these works ascribe a non-existing ontological value to events, supposing a bad actor against whom the good actor intervenes. This atomised, state-centrist notion of criminality has been discredited by social harms theory, which emphasises a reading of crime that reaches beyond the bureaucratic abilities of state criminal justice agencies. This article is aimed at illustrating how both POP and a social harms approach to crime can enrich each other, especially with regard to environmental crimes.     

中英两国情报运行模式比较研究

进入21世纪，中英两国的信息主导警务改革几乎同时起步。比较中英两国情报运行模式，借鉴英国国家情报模式的精华，改造我国传统情报工作流程，对构建适合我国国情的信息主导警务模式具有现实意义。