Competence Trust,Reflexivity and Risk Management in Hong Kong

Abstract

Trust is an essential element of governance. Lack of trust in government engenders doubts regarding its competence, weakens its legitimacy, and creates difficulties in the process of governing. As suggested, declining trust was related to reflexivity. This article, based on a Hong Kong study, confirms that a lack of competence trust in the government's ability to manage work-related risks correlated with reflexivity. Self-identified social status also influences the degree of reflexivity and competence trust. The conventional approach to cultivating trust through managed social participation has been widely practiced, but the results have not led to an increase in competence trust in Hong Kong, even when the policy outcomes are positive. While recognizing that reflexivity and its impacts on trust are inevitable, this article argues that efforts should be made to develop critical trust through meaningful participation in the deliberative process.     

大学生对政府的信任状况研究

信任是人与人交往的核心因素,当信任上升到政府层面就尤为重要了。人民把权力委托给政府去行使,这个委托行为的前提就是信任。大学生作为国家未来发展的生力军,他们对于政府的信任态度直接影响到国家未来的发展。对这一群体的政府信任感的研究,无疑能给政府的决策和高校的教育提供信息和建议。通过高校的教育来培养和加强大学生的政府信任,对于构建和谐社会、维持政权的稳定性、为经济建设提供良好的政治环境,都具有非常重要的意义。本文利用对天津7所高校1300多名大学生的问卷调查结果,来探讨现今大学生对政府的信任状况及影响因素。     

Remedies for Dishonest Assistance

The paper considers the nature of claims against dishonest assistants and the various money remedies those claims may evoke. Dishonest assistance is a form of civil secondary liability whereby the assistant is held jointly and severally liable along with the trustee whose misconduct he assisted. This is the sense in which dishonest assistants are said to be accountable as constructive trustees. In order to understand remedies available against dishonest assistants it is accordingly necessary to understand the corresponding remedies against defaulting trustees and what it means for them to be accountable. The paper examines the two different types of compensation that may be awarded against defaulting trustees—substitutive and reparative—and observes that the same two types of compensation may be given against dishonest assistants in appropriate cases. It also explores the circumstances in which trustees and dishonest assistants should be accountable for profits and whether they should ever be liable to pay exemplary damages. A strict application of the theory of civil secondary liability produces controversial results in connection with these latter remedies.     

封堵“高考移民”事件的行政法思考

“高考移民”现象由来已久 ,引发许多社会问题。2 0 0 3年高考前夕 ,各地纷纷出台封堵“高考移民”的政策 ,造成很大社会影响 ,社会各界人士发表的看法仅从教育政策的视角出发。应契合建设法治国家的需要出发 ,从行政法角度对这一问题进行深层法理思考 ,并探讨此次事件所揭示出的我国行政法治上存在的诸多问题。     

违背患者意愿的救治行为法律分析

广外孕妇拒签事件反映了医疗服务实践中应加强医务人员医疗告知义务,医患互信缺失以及法律规定缺乏弹性等问题,本文就以上问题进行分析并针对以上问题提出实务处理和法律规定中需要改进的方面。     

环境损害赔偿与公益信托——以福岛核事故为中心

福岛核辐射事故造成包括森林、海洋、湖泊、地下水等的环境损害,其中,有些是私人受到了损害,有些是社会受到了损害。这些损害应该如何赔偿?特别是自然资源价值的赔偿是问题的难点所在,比如自然资源之森林,交换价值的赔偿应归属于所有人,其非使用价值则应归属于公众。因此,非使用价值则应赔偿给公众。但是,如何归属呢?对此,宜采用公益信托理念,由国家或地方政府作为受托人,为了社会整体享有利益,请求赔偿。而赔偿方式也是一个重要问题,一般有恢复原状、金钱赔偿两种,一般计算出的环境价值减少部分低于恢复原状的费用,但如果能准确计算出全部自然资源价值,环境价值减少部分与恢复原状的费用基本上相同。因此,公益受托人可以选择任何一种适于该情形的赔偿。     

Mobile entrepreneurs in post-Soviet Central Asia

In this paper I present an analysis of a mobile entrepreneur and his transnational economic activities in post-Soviet space. I argue that the space of informal economic activities of mobile entrepreneurs are structured by trust-networks in the sense Tilly (2005) uses it. In this context the concept of tirikchilik (an Uzbek term for ‘muddling through’ or survival) which defines the space of informal economic activities is important to decipher. Tirikchilik unifies various economic activities which vary from trade, service delivery, middleman services, administration and any kind of activity that generates some cash.     

Woodcock v Cumbria Primary Care Trust: The Objective Justification Test for Age Discrimination

This note discusses the limits to the defence of objective justification when applied to direct age discrimination, specifically with regard to situations where the employer attempts to rely on cost‐saving as a legitimate aim. The author examines the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (formerly the European Court of Justice, ECJ) on which this case relies, and considers whether the defence has been interpreted too widely, opening up the possibility of cost‐saving as a defence to discrimination on the grounds of this particular protected characteristic. The note concludes that, while cost‐saving cannot be the sole justification for less favourable treatment by employers, it may nevertheless form part of an overall legitimate aim when coupled with additional factors.     

信托识别制度初探——兼论完善我国信托识别制度

信托识别产生的原因在于各国在相继采用信托制度的同时,对信托定义模式、信托当事人的范围、信托财产所有权的界定、信托管理行为的性质等方面存在认识上的差异。为求同存异,统一认识,信托识别应运而生,其对象包括冲突规范的"范围"和"系属"两部分内容,依据在于各国的国内法。而我国信托法由于欠缺识别制度,为该法的国际接轨带来了障碍。     

中国互信外交：历史、理念与范式

中国互信外交,自春秋时期肇端伊始,已有近三千年的历史。在这段漫长的历史长河中,中国互信外交在不同的历史时期形成了不同的理念和范式。这些既具时代特色、又一脉相承的互信外交理念和范式,确保了中国互信外交实践的历史连续性,并对当代中国产生了重大影响。当代中国互信外交,在继承前人成果的基础上,结合时代特色,形成了追求＂和平＂与＂和谐＂的互信外交实践理念与相应的实践范式,有效地回应了国际社会存在的＂中国威胁论＂、＂中国崩溃论＂和＂中国责任论＂等论调,对我国顺利推进互信外交和坚定世界各国关于中国和平发展的信念起了巨大的推动作用。