Childhood Sexual Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence among Women in Methadone Treatment: A Direct or Mediated Relationship?

Women in substance use treatment report rates of childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence that far exceed those reported by women in the general population. Previous research with nonrandom samples of women in substance use treatment suggests that there is a statistically significant relationship between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence; however, little is known about the mechanisms of risk between these two public health concerns among this population of women. To address this gap in knowledge and to inform intervention strategies, this study examined direct and mediated relationships between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence risk among a random sample of 416 women in methadone treatment. In addition to high rates of childhood sexual abuse (57.9%), intimate partner violence (lifetime prevalence, 89.7%; 6-month prevalence, 78.4%), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD, 28.6%), and global psychological distress (19.5%), findings suggest that the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence is mediated by mental health problems and that women experiencing PTSD or global psychological distress are 2.7 and 2.4 times more likely to experience intimate partner violence than women without such experiences, respectively. Although not a mediator in this relationship, financial independence reduced women's risk of partner violence by two-thirds. The paper includes discussion of social learning and stress and coping theories to explicate the findings and to inform intervention strategies. This study is based, in part, on the first author's dissertation. A previous version of this paper was presented at the Society for Social Work and Research Annual Conference held in January 2005 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The following grants provided funding for this study: R01DA11027 and 3T32MH014623-22S1.     

The Law and Incapacity Determinations: A Conflict of Governance?

This article will consider the highly charged questions raised by two major sets of law reforms in England and Wales, the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and the Mental Health Act 2007, which, although applying to closely related clinical populations, proceeded along entirely separate legislative paths. By justifying its proposals for reform of mental health legislation on the grounds of 'risk', the Government failed to take into account the implications of enforced treatment on patients who may retain decision-making capacity.     

紧急救治权问题研究

《侵权责任法》56条的规定完善了患者的紧急救治权,但是患者知情不同意的情况下,紧急救治行为是否应该进行,还是需要解决的问题。从我国相关法律对紧急救治权的规定及理论研究,国外对紧急救治权的规定及实务处理方面进行研究,继而提出对紧急救治权的完善。     

完善我国刑事诉讼法中技术侦查的立法建议

技术侦查通常存在着对公民人身权、隐私权和财产权等宪法性权利侵犯的风险,应当在我国刑事诉讼法中对其加以制约和监督。令人遗憾的是,我国现行刑事诉讼法中并没有技术侦查的相关规定。2011年8月全国人大常委会审议的《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法修正案（草案）》虽对技术侦查做了一些规定,却存在着侦查机关自我审批、没有适用的期限、没有明确的手段和适用范围过宽等问题。     

Chapter 9. Counseling South American Immigrants

Abstract

The Hispanic population in the United States is growing exponentially. There are a total of 1,506,654 South Americans in the United States who have come from Spanish-speaking countries. Most immigrants, if not all, experience difficulties triggered by migration, discrimination, acculturation, and second language acquisition. In this chapter, we briefly discuss major issues associated with migration and present literature and research on the construct of social support. We propose that integrating and utilizing social support during treatment will facilitate the adjustment process for the individual. We present interventions that allow the therapist to provide support while encouraging the client to seek support within him/herself and from other sources in the environment.     

强制采集人体样本信息立法研究

强制采集人体样本信息作为目前国家机关执法中维护国家安全、社会稳定、行政管理和侦查破案的强制措施做法，在现实社会中得到了较为广泛的应用。但这些涉及到刑事和行政强制的做法却很大程度上缺乏法律法规的授权与支持。因此，现实的需要与依法行政的矛盾就此产生，并在一定程度上演化为行政机关对公民权利的肆意侵犯。因此，应当加强相关立法，通过完善的强制采集人体样本信息制度设计来达到强制采集人体样本信息与人权保障的衡平。     

社区矫正的现实问题和发展路向

如果说犯罪是使人不幸之祸害，而刑罚是因此加诸犯罪者身上之祸害，那么，行刑便是施害者。由于犯罪的存在和发生不可避免，因此，刑罚和行刑之害的日渐轻缓便是不二的方向和选择。社区矫正作为中国刑罚执行方式的实践创新，正合于这一趋势。经过十年多的试点之后，在理论和实践及法治建设等方面进行深入的分析和思考，对社区矫正的健康发展十分必要。     

Dental shape match rates in selected and orthodontically treated populations in New York State: a two-dimensional study

Forensically identifying a suspect's dentition from a bitemark in an open population requires the supposition that every person's dental alignment is different. There have been few studies that have tested this claim. Four hundred and ten lower anterior dentitions from a selected population and 110 lower anterior dentitions from one that was orthodontically treated were measured using geometric morphometric analysis, allowing comparison of arch shape. Dental match rates of 1.46% and 42.7% of individuals were found in the respective populations, given an established measurement error. Orthodontic treatment had a strong effect on match rate suggesting that treated or naturally well-aligned dentitions may be indistinguishable. Sexual dimorphism was found to be only slightly significant. Principal shape variation in both populations was degree of arch curvature. Results of studying these populations show that dental matches can occur, and that statements of certainty concerning individualization in such populations should be approached with caution.     

Forensic psychiatry in China

This article reviews the legal basis for the development of forensic psychiatry in China, the organization of clinical assessments, and training of forensic psychiatrists. Regulations for the management of patients in Ankang hospitals and the role of forensic psychiatrists within the Criminal Justice system are described. The primary role of forensic psychiatrists is to provide expert opinions on competence to stand trial and criminal responsibility in criminal cases. They are increasingly involved in civil court proceedings and tribunals at the request of a range of official agencies. The clinical cases assessed by Chinese forensic psychiatrists are very similar to those of their counterparts in Western countries, but the organizational and legal framework for these assessments reflects a very different system that has evolved independently.     

论“私密性”样品强制采样的法律规制

＂私密性＂样品强制采样本身具有的极大侵权可能性要求对其采取严密的法律规制。其内容包括：准确界定＂私密性＂样品含义;明确＂私密性＂样品强制采样对象;确定强制采样需要遵循的司法控制、最后手段、专业性、保护性原则;赋予被采样人防御性权利、推定性权利、救济性权利。