宪法第四修正案的主要内容及其历史意义

第四次宪法修改来自依法治国的现实需求,它完善了宪法和宪政制度,体现了治国理念的发展和进步,体现了宪法结构的与时俱进。序言的修改是国家指导思想、治国的重要理论观点和重大方针政策的发展。宪法条文的修改完善了土地征用制度、私有财产保护制度,进一步明确了国家对发展非公有制经济的方针,增加了建立健全社会保障制度、国家尊重和保护人权制度以及紧急状态制度的规定。     

新南非的包容性发展之路——非国大100周年纪念

南非曾经是种族矛盾和冲突最为严重的国家,300多年欧洲殖民者的征服和统治,造成了南非种族间政治、经济、社会的割裂与对抗。1994年南非废除种族隔离,建立了种族平等的民主制度。新南非政治社会变革和转型的进程,避免了很多人担忧的种族仇杀和动乱,关键在于坚持了包容性理念和政策,构建了以宪法为核心的一整套法律体系,以保障国家统一和公民基本权利为基本宗旨,在多元一体国家的建设中,取得了举世公认的社会进步。研究南非在新制度下的包容性发展之路,具有重要的现实意义和理论意义。     

Filial Piety in Israel: Between the Law in the Books and the Law in Action

This paper explores the main legal aspects of filial piety in Israel. Based on a socio-legal study, it traces a significant gap between the law in the books, which mandates that children support their parents financially if the latter cannot support themselves, and the law in action, which narrows this obligation to cases in which the parents must be cared for in a State nursing home. The study also highlights the relevance of religious and cultural norms in shaping filial piety in multicultural countries and thus points to the urgent need to tailor filial piety legal policies according to socially constructed, actual, and diverse filial piety perceptions and practices.     

“临终关怀”的法律之维——法理基础、宪法依据与实体法规制

临终关怀是对临终病人进行姑息性照护,而非治疗性照护,关注的是如何减少临终病人痛苦,不以延长生命为主要目的。现代人权理念的内在要求、社会契约论对弱势群体的当然保护、法的效益价值的现实体现,是临终关怀正当性的法理基础。临终关怀具有充分的宪法依据。临终关怀必须依法进行,以确保患者的权利不被剥夺。在刑法上,临终关怀属于正当行为,但要防止以临终关怀为理由而实施的遗弃罪和不作为形式的故意杀人罪,同时防范其他犯罪。在民法上,要规范临终关怀的决定主体、实施条件和操作程序。     

Constitutional Contestation of Religion in Sri Lanka

ABSTRACT

Sri Lanka’s constitutional policy regarding religion affords the ‘foremost place’ to Buddhism and obligates the state to protect and foster the Buddha Sasana, whilst assuring the rights and freedoms of the other religions. By explicitly creating a special status for Buddhism, the constitution has produced the category of the ‘Other’ that has the potential to discriminate against minorities in a pluralistic society and to undermine the fundamental principle of equality. The creation of this distinction generated contestation during constitutional reforms. By examining reform proposals on religion, interview material and comparing the debates of the Constitutional Assembly (October/November 2017) with the Constituent Assembly debates (1970–71), this study retraces the evolution of the Buddhism Chapter and identifies the present contestations and their role in deciding a constitutional arrangement for religion.     

试论宪法惯例的效力

以法律效力的本原说为指导,在分析关于宪法惯例效力的几种观点的基础上,认为宪法惯例效力的本原是知识和经验,并从妥当性和实用性的角度,提出了法律效力的两层次论,认为宪法惯例的效力表现为政治确认和制裁效力以及准法律效力两个方面。     

Authoritarian constitutionalism in Putin's Russia: A pragmatic constitutional court in a dual state

This article analyzes the successful adaptation of the Russian Constitutional Court (RCC) to an increasingly authoritarian regime under President Vladimir Putin. It argues that the key to its success lay in its pragmatic approach, whereby the Court decides cases that matter to the regime in a politically expedient way, while giving priority to legal and constitutional considerations in other cases, thereby recognizing the reality of a dual state. Over the years the RCC has taken a pragmatic approach in its reaction to changes in the rules of its operations, in its personnel, and in the policies of the popular political leader, including reducing the country's subordination of European legal norms. In so doing, the Court and its skillful chairman Valerii Zorkin achieved considerable autonomy in pursuing its own legal vision on many issues and even improved the implementation of its decisions by other judges and political bodies alike (previously a big problem). In short, the RCC developed its own version of “authoritarian constitutionalism”, which may serve as a model for constitutional judicial bodies in other authoritarian states.     

Public commitment strategies in intergovernmental negotiations on the EU Constitutional Treaty

We analyze the impact of public commitment strategies as bargaining tools in the negotiations on the EU Constitutional Treaty using a sequential-bargaining model with incomplete information. The analysis suggests selection bias in observable public commitments with respect to the kind of issues that are publicly challenged as well as the kind of governments that will ‘go public’. Public commitments are more likely under high uncertainty over audience costs. Further, the effect of public commitments on the duration and outcome of negotiation is conditional as well. In our empirical analysis, where we analyze the intergovernmental stage of the negotiations on the European Constitutional Treaty, we find strong empirical support for each of our theoretical predictions. Governments were most likely to commit publicly if they represented a domestic constituency that was negative about the EU Constitution and, at the same time, contained many undecided respondents. Moreover, these public commitments were generally quickly accommodated. In contrast, public commitments were less likely to lead to any changes if they were made by governments representing a domestic constituency that was relatively positive about the draft Constitution or negative and decided. In the latter case, however, public statements made bargaining deadlock more likely.

东亚三种战略模式比较研究——兼论东亚模式转型的必要性

虽然后新自由主义、后东亚模式分别受到华盛顿共识、北京共识的追捧与推崇,韩国、中国台湾地区的新东亚模式由于政治转型的阵痛而备受冷落.然而,与后新自由主义导致经济依附性发展不断加深,社会贫富差距不断扩大,后东亚模式导致政府失灵加剧,金权勾结普遍化相比,新东亚模式地区的经济发展与社会发展更为协调,经济发展的可持续性更强.随着后发国家发展环境的改变,新自由主义与东亚模式已经失去其存在的合理性,只有通过积极的战略转型,依靠民主宪政和有限贸易保护政策制约政府失灵,减少市场失灵,后发国家才能够避免经济的过度依附性发展,缩小社会贫富差距,增强发展的可持续性,实现现代化的赶超.     

帮助恐怖活动罪的理解与适用

恐怖活动犯罪具有严重的社会危害性,资助、招募和运送人员的行为为恐怖活动犯罪提供源源不断的动力支持。为有效打击上述行为,《刑法修正案(三)》增设资助恐怖活动罪,《刑法修正案(九)》对其罪状进行了扩充并更名为帮助恐怖活动罪。这就需要通过对帮助恐怖活动罪的立法流变、性质、内容以及法律适用问题进行分析,解决类型化的帮助行为正犯化带来的司法认定困境,为本罪在司法中的适用提供建议。