国家保护责任理论论析

国家保护责任理论以个人的主权观与安全观为核心,提出了国家与国际社会向处在危险中的人民提供生命支持保护及援助的预防责任、做出反应责任以及重建责任。国家保护责任理论是对传统的主权、安全观的重新阐释,同时也对安理会的作用进行了扩张解释。我们必须警惕国家保护责任理论以所谓普世的西方价值观来对另一个国家实施预防、反应以及重建的责任,如果不对相关的干涉行为设定必要的限制,必然会是对他国赤裸裸的干涉。     

对我国建立被害人国家补偿制度的立法思考

犯罪被害人的权利救济是现代人权保护的一个重要问题。当被害人遭受犯罪行为侵害而又难以得到充分赔偿时,为保护被害人权利,彰显社会公平,应当由国家给予一定的物质补偿。结合我国国情并借鉴国外的经验,应尽快建立我国的被害人国家补偿制度。     

刑法因果关系与刑事责任

刑法因果关系与刑事责任的关系 ,直接关系到刑法因果关系在刑法体系中的正确定位。刑法因果关系本身并不直接说明刑事责任的有无及大小 ,而是存在一种影响刑事责任的具体的运行机制 ,从刑事责任的功能以及刑法因果关系在实践中的运行角度看 ,刑法因果关系通过其运行机制 ,对刑事责任的质与量都提供客观基础     

未成年人犯罪的刑事责任问题研究(一)

未成年人的身心特点决定了对其犯罪应采用不同于成年人犯罪的刑事责任追究制度.从有助于我国少年刑事司法制度的发展和完善考虑,本文对未成年人犯罪负刑事责任的根据、立法、追究未成年人犯罪刑事责任的指导思想、基本原则及其适用以及我国现行未成年人犯罪刑事责任制度的不足和完善问题进行了比较深入的探讨.     

Conceptualising corporate community development

Globally there is an increasing focus on the private sector as a significant development actor. One element of the private sector’s role emphasised within this new focus has been corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, whereby the private sector claims to contribute directly to local development. There is now a substantial body of work on CSR but it is a literature that is mostly polarised, dominated by concerns from the corporate perspective, and not adequately theorised. Corporations typically do development differently from NGOs and donors, yet the nature and effects of these initiatives are both under-researched and under-conceptualised. In this paper we argue that viewing CSR initiatives through a community development lens provides new insights into their rationale and effects. Specifically we develop a conceptual framework that draws together agency and practice-centred approaches in order to illuminate the processes and relationships that underpin corporate community development initiatives.     

How irresponsible are rising powers?

Rising powers like Brazil, China and India have recently made significant gains in their capabilities as states. Therefore many IR scholars are claiming that these powers must now contribute more to the provision of global public goods like a clean environment, free trade and human rights. This article will argue that reasonably democratic international political discourses are another global public good whose greater supply is sorely needed and that rising powers are having a positive impact on the creation of such discourses. Thus rising powers are not behaving as irresponsibly as many IR scholars assume.     

Fair Trade and justice: a comment on Walton and Deneulin

In this article we first point out that the different conceptualisations of Fair Trade, which are sometimes analytically contradictory, actually form a coordinated set. Understanding the Fair Trade project is impossible without taking these interlinked conceptualisations into consideration. Second, this set basically forms a mechanism of structural, institutional and moral reforms that guide actions. In this way Fair Trade sets out to produce less injustice than is usually the case with the structures and institutions that govern conventional trade. Nevertheless, it does not try to define what a just society is or even to perfectly define ‘fair trade’. This implies the adoption of a comparative justice angle. It is precisely by linking comparative individual situations with the structures that produce these situations that relative justice can find its strength and purpose.     

略论行政违法的概念及其构成要件

行政违法是指行政主体及行政公务人员违反行政法律规范但尚未构成犯罪而应当承担行政责任的行政行为。其构成要件包括:主体为行政主体及行政公务人员,所侵害的是受行政法律规范所保护的行政关系,实施了违反行政法律规范的行为,实施行政违法行为时主观上有过错。探讨行政违法行为,对于追究行政主体及其公务人员的法律责任,推进依法行政、建设法治政府等具有重要意义。     

论不真正连带债务

因为连带责任有加重债务人责任之嫌,故连带债务不能推定,只有在法有明确规定时法院才能判令当事人承担连带责任,但是司法实践中,法无明文规定的情况时有发生,此时法院的判决多认定当事人承担连带责任,这种法官造法必然对案件的处理产生不公正,加重了债务人的负担.文章对不真正连带债务的概念、构成要件、法律效力等有关问题进行论述,并提出一些立法、司法建议,进一步论证该制度的合理性和其实践意义,使其有益于司法需要.     

劳动违约责任:归责原则、构成要件及立法完善

由于用人单位履行劳动合同一般要承担劳动法和劳动行政规章所规定的强制性法定义务,而劳动者履行劳动合同则一般承担合同约定的义务。因而劳动立法在设定劳动违约责任时,对劳动者应以过错责任,对用人单位应以严格责任为归责原则确定违约方的法律责任。用人单位违约,不仅应对劳动者承担违约补偿责任,而且应承担劳动行政责任。劳动者违约,则应根据劳动者违约时的主观过错状态以及用人单位由此所受实际经济损失等情形,确定其应承担的经济赔偿责任。