有组织犯罪--全球关注的问题

随着经济全球化、全球信息化的快速发展 ,有组织犯罪活动日益猖獗 ,并已成为全球关注的问题。从世界范围来看 ,不仅对什么是有组织犯罪及其范围引起了广泛的讨论 ,而且从立法和司法的角度对有组织犯罪进行了大量的对策研究 ,特别是从国际合作层面上加强刑法的一体化 ,共同打击跨国有组织犯罪越来越引起人们的关注。就我国而言 ,无论在立法上还是司法上尚存很大缺陷 ,需要进一步加以完善。为促进对这一问题的深入探讨 ,特请我国著名刑法学家、刑法学泰斗马克昌先生主持并组织了本组稿件     

Adverse Possession and Article 1 of the European Convention

In the post-human rights era the question has arisen on several occasions as to whether the automatic and arbitrary termination of the registered owner’s title through the common law and statutory principles governing adverse possession of land is contrary to the Article 1, Protocol 1 of the European Convention. The matter fell to be decided in J.A. Pye (Oxford) Ltd v United Kingdom ([2005] 3 EGLR 1) where the European Court of Human Rights held that the automatic termination of a registered owners title after 12 years possession was indeed a violation of Article 1, Protocol 1. More recently, the decision of the European Court has been overturned by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights where the Grand Chamber has held that a squatters’ right to another persons land are not disproportionate (J. A. Pye (Oxford) Ltd and Another v United Kingdom, The Times, October 1st 2007). This short article examines the decision of the Grand Chamber.

《联合国反腐败公约》实施机制及其施行方略研究

《联合国反腐败公约》多项条款对其自身实施机制作了特别规定,包括公约缔约国会议、缔约国间信息交流、同相关组织合作、对缔约国定期审查、技术援助或建议、联合国秘书长提供秘书处服务以及缔约国立法与行政措施等多种形式.为推进该公约在国内的施行,可考虑设置专门的实施机构、整合相应的法律体系,在国内构建实行该公约的廉政法治平台.     

中国贿赂犯罪立法与《联合国反腐败公约》之比较

中国贿赂犯罪刑事立法与《联合国反腐败公约》在行贿方式、行贿罪的目的要件等的规定上具有契合性,在行贿人的刑事责任、贿赂的内容、外国公职人员或者国际公共组织官员贿赂犯罪的规定等问题上具有差异性。     

论现行刑法对《跨国有组织犯罪公约》中贿赂范围规定的接轨

在我国加入的《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》中,贿赂的范围与现行刑法的规定是不同的。刑事立法中贿赂犯罪中"贿赂"的范围的规定决定于国家的刑事政策。我国对职务犯罪的最主要的刑事政策是:"加大惩治,依法从重从严。"但是,现行刑法对贿赂犯罪的范围的规定却有失严密。修改现行刑法关于贿赂范围的规定,是我国必须履行的国际法义务,也是对我国职务犯罪刑事政策的贯彻。     

Neither inside nor outside the corridors of power: prosaic petitioning and the royal burghs in early modern Scotland

ABSTRACT

This article explores early modern petitioning in the context of urban Scotland. It focuses on prosaic rather than political petitioning, on the basis that the former was more truly characteristic of what the purpose of petitioning was understood to be by most of those who engaged in it. The burghs of Scotland provide an added dimension to the history of petitioning because of the role of their national assembly (the Convention of Royal Burghs), which was simultaneously a recipient of petitions, a conduit for its members’ petitions to the crown, and a petitioner of the crown in its own right. This article also reveals how changing practices of petitioning shed light on the development of the early modern Scottish state, as the Convention of Royal Burghs found its members increasingly bypassing it and instead they resorted directly to central government institutions.     

Shared Waters—shared Responsibility. Application of the Principles of Fairness for Burden Sharing in the Mediterranean

The paper addresses the issue of burden sharing within the context of the Barcelona Convention for the protection of the Mediterranean. The initial premise is that the perceived fairness of burden sharing rules is an important factor in the success of multilateral environmental agreements. We review briefly the basic ideas behind the fairness and equity debate in global environmental affairs before we apply a number of widely accepted equity rules in the case of Mediterranean marine protection. We derive arithmetic examples to illustrate the application of the rules and compare them in terms of their political attractiveness, cost-effectiveness and practical feasibility. It is shown that the simple rule of egalitarian justice scores high on all aspects.     

普遍民事管辖的发展与挑战

普遍民事管辖源于美国1789年《外国人侵权索赔法案》。自美国联邦法院1980年首次适用该法案以来，普遍民事管辖的理论与实践引起了国际社会的广泛关注，已发展成为与普遍刑事管辖并列的一个新领域。普遍民事管辖的发展给传统国际法规则特别是与豁免有关的规则带来了重大挑战，也给大陆法系国家带来了法律制度创新上的挑战。中国有必要在本国法律制度中确立普遍民事管辖的相关制度，并在普遍管辖议题的全球性磋商中持更具建设性的立场。     

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Mental Health Law

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) took effect in 2008. This paper discusses a number of flashpoints where the CRPD will require real and significant reconsideration of English mental health and mental capacity law. The CRPD introduces a new paradigm into international disability law, relying on the social model of disability. While that is no doubt a good thing, there is as yet no clear sense as to how that is to be implemented. After providing an introduction to the Convention, the paper considers four specific areas: mental capacity law (focussing on the provisions of the Mental Capacity Act 2005), psychiatric treatment without consent, civil detention of people with mental disabilities, and mental disability in the criminal system (fitness to plead, insanity and diminished responsibility).     

《联合国反腐败公约》与我国反洗钱立法的完善

《联合国反腐败公约》对洗钱犯罪作了规定,我国现行《刑法》对洗钱罪的规定与《公约》存在较大差异,从而使我国对洗钱罪及其上游犯罪的预防和打击的效果受到影响。我们有必要对洗钱罪的犯罪构成要件作深入的研究并根据《公约》的规定完善我国关于洗钱犯罪的立法。