全球公共卫生治理的制度重叠及其应对之策

近年来,全球公共卫生治理体系彼此通过议题联结、成员联系和功能互动形成了密切的国际制度重叠,包括以世卫组织为核心的联合国诸公共卫生制度、以盖茨基金会等为代表的非正式公共卫生制度、以二十国集团为代表的涉卫新型国际制度以及特朗普政府试图打造的美式国际公共卫生制度。制度重叠是国际公共卫生秩序的结构性特征,可能会约束与限制世卫组织治理有效性的发挥。全球公共卫生议题的复杂性、全球公共卫生治理的政治化倾向和世卫组织的治理限度决定了协同治理具有必然性和紧迫性,为此,国际社会需要秉持人类卫生健康共同体理念,坚持公共卫生多边主义,警惕美国另起炉灶对全球公共卫生治理的冲击。同时,世卫组织发挥协同治理功能的制度化需求迫在眉睫。此外,新型国际公共卫生治理制度是推动多元制度协同治理的重要力量,将发挥愈加凸显的关键作用。作为国际公共卫生体系的重要成员,中国的负责任国际承诺为国际公共卫生制度重叠提供了重要的协调路径,中国支持世卫组织发挥领导作用,加强在联合国、二十国集团、世贸组织、金砖国家集团等多边制度框架内的协调配合和相互支撑,推动构建人类卫生健康共同体。     

论经济全球化条件下发展中国家的竞争政策

经济全球化条件下发展中国家的竞争政策既需要加强竞争法规制 ,维护竞争秩序 ,又需要通过竞争法豁免政策实现发展的目标。内容相互冲突的豁免和规制的并存 ,可能导致竞争政策的失效。为此 ,这种冲突必须得到适当的协调和控制。一方面 ,发展中国家在国际竞争政策的制定和发展过程中必须强调豁免政策的发展功能 ,拓展使用豁免政策的空间 ;另一方面 ,要加强对国际和国内限制竞争行为进行规制 ,并对豁免政策的使用施加适当的限制 ,避免滥用。     

Parenting Coordination In Cases Involving Intimate Partner Violence

Parenting Coordination is a “hybrid legal‐mental health role that combines assessment, education, case management, conflict management, dispute resolution and, often times, decision‐making functions (AFCC, 2019, https://www.afccnet.org/Portals/0/PublicDocuments/Guidelines%20for%20PC%20with%20Appendex.pdf?ver=2020-01-30-190220-990 ). This article addresses issues that arise when the case has allegations or findings of intimate partner violence (IPV). Considerations of the type of IPV, the severity, timing, perpetrator and effects on coparenting are discussed in the context of the parenting coordinator's role. Through screening and assessment, we differentiate the kinds of cases with the presence of IPV where a PC may be effective as opposed to other IPV cases that may not predict success for retaining a PC.     

Parenting Coordination and Confidentiality: A (Not‐so) Delicate Balance

This article describes the current state and range of information protection in the growing number of states and Canadian provinces that employ parenting coordination in an effort to reduce repeat custody litigation. The predominant approach—in which what is revealed during the process is not confidential—is analyzed in terms of its compatibility with the parenting coordinator's multiple tasks of educating parents, seeking to facilitate agreements, and, if necessary, providing the court with a report, a recommended decision, or an arbitrated result. Using a case scenario with multiple parts, the article then examines such confidentiality schemes in practice by providing an action‐oriented series of questions that illustrate how much of this topic must be resolved through a parenting coordinator's exercise of discretion in the absence of rule clarity. The article then raises a number of policy questions about whether current parenting coordination confidentiality norms strike the optimal or even the correct balance on information protection and concludes by identifying several policy options that might address these questions.     

区域合作、利益协调与机制设计——基于泛珠三角与东盟跨边界次区域经济合作的研究

在区域经济利益协调机制的建设进程中,政府是推动区域合作的组织机制,具有内生动力功能的是市场机制.在泛珠三角和东盟区域经济合作处于初始阶段的约束条件下,评价和激励机制对象应该主要针对区域合作中的地方政府,如果缺乏政府间的协调机制,市场经济的利益最大化和资源配置规律决定双方区域经济合作的发展结局可能是差异性发展和掠夺性竞争.促进泛珠三角与东盟的区域经济合作,必须注意避免无序竞争,扩大区域市场范围,确立利益协调机制与政府规制的边界,从而降低区域交易成本.与此同时,尤其需要制定与实施带有路径依赖性质的制度安排:规则约束机制、信息合作机制、绩效激励机制、利益补偿机制.     

公安院校在职教育与学历教育双向互动探析

当前,公安院校实行普通学历教育与在职教育并重发展的模式,以学历教育为依托提高在职民警培训的层次和质量,以在职民警培训为导向促进学历教育进一步贴近实战,在双向互动、资源共享中实现双赢,为公安院校办学重心逐步向在职培训转移奠定基础。本文仅从在职教育与学历教育双向互动的现实意义和运作方式两个方面做些探讨。     

Blind validation of postmortem interval estimates using developmental rates of blow flies

This study evaluated the use of different degree day (DD) models, developmental thresholds and developmental data sources for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) based on developmental rates of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Blow fly evidence was collected from three mock crime scenes and sent for blind analysis of PMI. PMI estimates were calculated using averaging, single sine, double sine, single triangle, and double triangle models of DD calculation with minimum developmental thresholds of 0, 6 and 10 °C and Anderson's, Byrd and Allen's, Greenberg's, Nishida's and Kamal's developmental data sets. These estimates were compared with the actual PMI to determine which combination of DD model, developmental threshold and developmental data provided the most accurate estimate. For all three cases, at least one method gave a PMI estimation that was within 1 day of the actual date of death. There was no variability between PMI estimated using the five models of DD calculation. Overall, as lower developmental threshold increased, the PMI interval estimates increased. Depending on the developmental data set used, increasing the lower developmental threshold caused some overestimations of the date of oviposition, with estimates given that were prior to the actual death. Future PMI estimates should include error ranges, so that overestimation of PMI is avoided.     

回到马克思：解开剥削问题的死结

马克思将剩余价值分解为初始剩余价值、绝对剩余价值和相对剩余价值三个组成部分,其中相对剩余价值是资本通过提高劳动生产力得到的,不是靠剥削工人的劳动得来的。因此,资本家占有相对剩余价值不是剥削,不能滥用剩余价值率来衡量剥削程度。但在现实中,剩余价值三个组成部分之间的界限是模糊的,劳资双方为争取各自的利益展开博弈。政府的作为在于用法令缩短工作日,限制剥削,促进全社会劳动生产力的提高。     

解析中外合作办学的法律环境

中外合作办学是教育国际化的趋势之一,正在全球范围内展开,需要有一个良好的法律环境。本文通过对中外合作办学法律环境的分析,找出其存在的问题,提出改进策略,以促进中外合作办学的健康发展。     

萨科齐执政时期法国情报协调体制改革问题研究

萨科齐当选总统后,法国进行了海湾战争以来第二次大的情报改革。在情报协调体制方面,法国成立了国家情报委员会,以取代部际情报委员会;设立了国家情报协调官一职,使国家情报协调工作有了常设性的协调主体。通过此次改革,法国结束了以总理为核心的情报协调形式,开创了以总统为核心的情报协调体制。虽然此次情报协调体制改革仍存在不足之处,但从情报协调工作实践来看,其效果明显好于以往的体制。