The formation of early stage adipocere in submerged remains: a preliminary experimental study

In some circumstances, the presence of adipocere may retard decomposition and complicate postmortem interval estimation. This article explores the correlation between Accumulated Degree Days (ADD) and early stage formation of adipocere. Sixty wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) carcasses were used in this experiment; a control group (N = 30) deposited directly on the ground surface and an experimental group (N = 30) completely submersed in water in individual buckets. Data (water and inner body temperature, pH, and total body score) were collected every 100 ADD. Results indicated that early stage adipocere is correlated to ADD and that its formation on submersed remains is more likely to occur after 630 ADD. Skin sloughing promoted the formation of adipocere. No adipocere was formed on any of the control group rabbits. This study also highlights the fact that multiple factors influence adipocere formation and it is suggested that further research needs to be conducted into this area.     

中国—东盟救灾区域公共产品供给研究——基于能力、效率、价值的三因素分析

鉴于越发频繁的自然灾难以及非传统安全的威胁,更加务实的救灾合作显得十分迫切。笔者在相关研究的基础之上,定性式的建立了包含能力、效率和价值的三要素救灾合作解释模型。三要素彼此不同却又相互关联,能力决定价值预期,效率决定价值的实现程度,价值作为激励因素反作用于能力与效率建设。以此为框架,解构中国—东盟救灾公共产品供给,思考中国推进中国—东盟救灾公共产品供给的对策。     

Co‐parenting in a Highly Conflicted Separation/Divorce: Learning about Parents and their Experiences of Parenting Coordination,Legal, and Mental Health Interventions

Sixty high‐conflict separated/divorced co‐parents completed surveys investigating characteristics and dynamics (narcissism, empathy, conflict) that were examined in relation to co‐parenting style and parents' experiences of parenting coordination, legal, and mental health interventions. Study findings for this sample did not support common notions found in the literatures on parenting coordination and high‐conflict divorce that suggest these parents are often narcissistic or low in empathy. Findings pertaining to all high‐conflict participant experiences revealed the presence of common elements across aspects of practitioners and interventions with which they were both satisfied and dissatisfied.     

火器伤损伤程度的法医学鉴定(附63例报告)

目的　探讨火器损伤的致伤特点及活体损伤程度鉴定的有关问题。方法　 6 3例火器损伤主要按火器枪弹种类及数量分为四组 ,Ⅰ组 :霰弹损伤 ;Ⅱ组 :气枪损伤 ;Ⅲ组 :军用枪损伤 ;Ⅳ组 :射钉枪与爆炸损伤 ,对其进行前瞻与回顾性分析总结。结果　Ⅰ组损伤多见于斗殴 ,损伤部位以四肢部多见 ,异物存留、损伤程度明显高于其它各组 ;Ⅱ组损伤多见意外 ,不易造成异物存留 ;损伤程度轻于其它各组 ;Ⅲ组损伤多见抢劫与杀人 ,损伤部位多见头部 ;Ⅳ组损伤较少见仅占 7 92 %,不是本文讨论的重点。四组损伤合并脏器、神经血管损伤及骨折 33例 ,占 5 2 38%,构成重伤、轻伤 5 0例 ,占 79 37%。结论　火器损伤程度较重 ,致伤机理有其自身特点 ,现行损伤程度鉴定标准对其体现不够 ,值得法医同仁加以重视。     

The suitability of visual taphonomic methods for digital photographs: An experimental approach with pig carcasses in a tropical climate

In the context of increased scrutiny of the methods in forensic sciences, it is essential to ensure that the approaches used in forensic taphonomy to measure decomposition and estimate the postmortem interval are underpinned by robust evidence-based data. Digital photographs are an important source of documentation in forensic taphonomic investigations but the suitability of the current approaches for photographs, rather than real-time remains, is poorly studied which can undermine accurate forensic conclusions. The present study aimed to investigate the suitability of 2D colour digital photographs for evaluating decomposition of exposed human analogues (Sus scrofa domesticus) in a tropical savanna environment (Hawaii), using two published scoring methods; Megyesi et al., 2005 and Keough et al., 2017. It was found that there were significant differences between the real-time and photograph decomposition scores when the Megyesi et al. method was used. However, the Keough et al. method applied to photographs reflected real-time decomposition more closely and thus appears more suitable to evaluate pig decomposition from 2D photographs. The findings indicate that the type of scoring method used has a significant impact on the ability to accurately evaluate the decomposition of exposed pig carcasses from photographs. It was further identified that photographic taphonomic analysis can reach high inter-observer reproducibility. These novel findings are of significant importance for the forensic sciences as they highlight the potential for high quality photograph coverage to provide useful complementary information for the forensic taphonomic investigation. New recommendations to develop robust transparent approaches adapted to photographs in forensic taphonomy are suggested based on these findings.     

中小企业融资困境及对策研究

融资困难是目前制约中小企业发展的瓶颈因素。解决这一问题的主要对策应该是:创新要重点突破,不能急于普及;要与企业经营的专业化、产业结构升级紧密联系起来,加快法律配套,加强政府引导。     

轻型颅脑损伤的损伤程度评定探讨

根据１８５例轻型颅脑损伤的法医学鉴定，证实颅骨骨折是颅内并发症的危险因素，支持临床观点。３１例颅骨骨折组，经ＣＴ发现颅内并发症的２０例，以ＥＤＨ和ＳＤＨ多见．行ＣＳＦ检查对诊断有价值．同时提出轻型颅脑损伤分级标准，依此明确轻伤评定等级．     

美国与新大国协调机制的构建:以七国集团为视角

新大国协调继承了传统大国协调通过外交会议、协商来决策的方式,治理领域由传统的军事安全扩展到经济、政治、社会和环境等多个领域。从新大国协调的起源看,美国作为西方世界最强大的国家开始起领导作用。本文通过考察"七国集团"的治理结构,发现美国领导下的多国合作是新大国协调最有意义的制度创新。这种一国领导、多国合作的特点不同于历史上的传统大国协调的治理体制,是一种新型的国际多边安全治理机制。由于这种领导的存在,新大国协调产生了明显的治理效果,主要包括:形成美国意志主导下的大国共同立场、应对国际危机的大国集体反应、其他大国对美国身份的认可以及美国对其他大国分配治理任务。     

必要共犯争议问题探析

必要共犯作为从德日刑法中引进的"舶来品",其理论争议较大。争议焦点主要在其概念界定、存在价值、适用总则共犯以及与我国共犯体系协调等问题上。就有关争议问题在比较分析的基础上,我们结合我国刑法共犯体系对必要共犯理论中的疑难问题进行了讨论和剖析。     

区域立法与中央和地方立法关系的完善

我国区域立法应定位为介于中央与地方立法之间的又主要依托于地方立法的、涵盖社会生活各个方面的特殊立法形式。区域立法主要由主体、权限、程序和协调机制四个基本要素构成。以区域立法为视角观察，当前我国中央与地方立法关系存在许多问题，如中央立法过于集权却未形成足够的权威、地方立法权配置失衡以及中央与地方立法权运作缺乏完善的协调机制。区域立法对于调谐我国中央与地方立法关系有着特殊而重要的意义。