论职务犯罪中的自然人主体

职务犯罪主体包括自然人主体和单位主体两种。从现行法律规定看,职务犯罪自然人主体包括国家机关工作人员、以国家工作人员论的人员和受委托从事公务的人员三类。在司法实践中,对此三类人员的认定存在较大的分歧,尤其是其中对以国家工作人员论的人员的认定争议最大。     

网络犯罪立法探析

网络犯罪愈演愈烈,对社会的危害日益严重。加快网络安全刑事立法步骤,打击网络犯罪,维护网络安全和信息社会的正常秩序越显必要。     

管理与服务:流动人口治理工作的双飞翼

流动人口是当代社会关注的热点问题,加强对流动人口的管理刻不容缓.对于流动人口,既要加强管理,规范法律法规、管理手段、管理制度;又要强调服务,切实做好流动人口的权益保护工作,真正提高流动人口的社会地位.管理与服务并重,是目前流动人口治理工作的有效模式.     

德国近五十年刑事立法述评

自1969年德国刑法大改革至今的五十年间,德国的刑事立法活动非常频繁。在此期间,德国立法机关不但对《刑法典》总则犯罪论部分的规定进行了彻底的修订,而且针对犯罪的法律后果以及刑法分则乃至附属刑法中的诸多罪名进行了持续的改革,在恐怖主义犯罪、妨害公务犯罪、毒品犯罪以及保安监禁等领域尤其如此。整体而言,德国立法者在过往半个世纪中日趋侧重功能主义的积极刑事立法观,导致德国刑法逐步从传统法治国背景下的法益保护法和市民防御法转向以社会控制为主导的国家干预法和社会防卫法,造成了诸多难以与现有法律体系和学说理论相协调的象征性立法。我国应当从德国近五十年的刑事立法中吸收其先进经验,对其中的弊端也要引以为戒。     

盗窃罪中“数额较大”的认定规则

“数额较大”的认定是盗窃罪定罪量刑中的关键问题之一。司法解释采用了数额属性多元化的认定方法,既缺乏理论基础,也难以有效指导实务。司法裁判虽倾向于重视处罚的实质合理性,但并未形成统一的认定规则。通过梳理不同立法例下“损失”要素的定位,可以形成“占有转移”与“财产损失”两种视角下“数额较大”认定的理论方案。基于整体财产保护理念的以客观实质损失作为认定基准的方案,存在忽视我国刑法不同条款对“数额性后果”表述上的差异、对司法实践的认识以偏概全、不能妥适处理轻微实施盗窃的出罪等问题。相对而言,立足个别财产保护思想、以占有转移数额为基础,同时考虑主观指向数额的方案凸显了主观要件对不法和责任的制约,能周延地应对各种案型,值得肯定。该方案的具体规则是:先确定基础性数额即占有转移的财物价值“较大”,以此作为数额上限,再考察故意、排除意思、利用意思等主观要件指向的数额,各数额均需达到“较大”,最终的“数额较大”,是经此多种数额共同认定的结果。     

开发老年劳动力市场的必要性与路径研究

在平均预期寿命增加和低生育率的双重作用下,中国快速进入老龄化社会,给劳动力市场和经济持续发展带来了诸多挑战。中国老年劳动力市场具有巨大的潜力,充分利用51-64岁年龄人口将会有效增加我国劳动力供给,实现二次人口红利。在分析当前中国老年劳动力市场潜力及充分借鉴国外经验的基础上,提出了推行延迟退休政策、鼓励老年人灵活就业、加强老年劳动力培训和完善社会服务体系等开发老年劳动力市场的路径。     

银发浪潮下的中国老年人力资源开发

人口老龄化是中国当前及今后很长时期都必须面临的重要问题,充分认识到老年人力资源开发的重要意义,挖掘老年人口红利将成为经济社会发展的新动力。中国拥有规模庞大的老年人力资源,但老年人口实际就业率并不高。影响老年人力资源开发和利用的因素既有社会观念、强制的退休年龄制度等宏观因素,也有老年人的就业意愿、健康状况、受教育程度等微观因素。促进老年人就业,实现老有所为是中国积极应对人口老龄化的重要举措。研究提出如下政策建议:转变社会观念,营造老年人力资源价值观念;重点开发低龄健康老年人力资源;加强对老年人的教育和培训;重视对老年就业的法律保护;改革现有的强制退休年龄制度,实行弹性退休制度。     

Two-dimensional metric comparisons between dynamic bare footprints and insole foot impressions-forensic implications

Footwear may be found at crime scenes as physical evidence. Such footwear often has impression features of the wearer’s foot on the insole of the shoe. Scientific research and literature have established that footprints are distinct. This study compares two-dimensional measurements on bare footprints to foot impressions on insoles to determine if significant differences or similarities exist. Dynamic footprints were collected from 51 donors using the Identicator® Inkless Shoe Print Model LE 25P system. Seven foot length and width measurements were taken based on the Reel linear measurement method. Footprint measurements between bare footprints and foot impressions on the insoles were compared. Only two differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the various bare footprint and insole foot impression measurements on the right and left side for most of the measurements, CALC (p < 0.001) and A1 (p = 0.04). Bare footprint and insole A5 measurements on the left side were also significantly different (p = 0.015). The results of the study have implications in the forensic analysis of foot impression evidence on insoles in footwear in assisting with identifying the wearer of said footwear. Situations may arise in the forensic context when comparing the foot impression on the insole of footwear to a suspect’s bare footprint or a footprint from post-mortem remains. This study contributes to the scant literature available on the topic and to understanding the similarities and differences observed in the various linear measurements that may be utilized in the comparison process of footprint impressions on shoe insoles to bare footprints.     

The global securitisation of youth

This article looks critically at the new global youth, peace and security agenda, that has been marked by the passage of United Nations Security Council Resolution 2250 in December 2015. It argues that this agenda needs to be situated within the broader context of the securitisation of development, and that the increasing interest in youth as a security subject and actor is shaped by three overlapping sets of global security concerns: the concept of the youth bulge is a euphemism for the problem of growing surplus populations worldwide; the ideal of youth as peacebuilders is a model for eliciting youth support for the current global social and economic order; and the spectre of globally networked youth being radicalised by extremist groups has legitimated joint state and private sector projects that are taking an increasingly active role intervening in the online lives of young people around the world. The article draws on an analysis of a collection of core documents that form the heart of the global youth and security agenda; and it argues for the need for greater critical reflexivity in considering the growing attention being paid to youth as a social category in global development and policy discourse.     

俄罗斯卢布汇率安排的经济效应分析

俄罗斯转型时期的宏观经济波动与汇率制度安排之间存在着密切的关系.本文在评述新兴市场经济国家汇率制度选择困境和概述俄罗斯汇率制度演变的基础上,从汇率与通货膨胀、汇率与对外贸易、汇率与资本流入、汇率与外债规模结构变动等方面分析了汇率制度安排及汇率变动的宏观经济效应,并简要总结了俄罗斯的实践对中国的启示.