推定同意的刑法意义探究——兼谈医疗手术行为中的紧急推定同意

推定同意是指根据事实的具体情况推定被害人同意对其合法利益造成侵害的行为：推定同意有为被害人利益的推定同意和为他人利益的推定同意、紧急推定同意和非紧急推定同意之分;不同类型的推定同意,其效力依据有所不同;推定同意经被害人认可,特殊情况下经司法人员认可。与实在同意具有同样的效力;医疗手术行为中的推定同意应当符合最佳利益原则．实施和作出对被害人最有利的行为和决定。     

论侦查启动之随机性——由儿童失踪立案程序转变透视我国侦查启动模式之利弊

我国刑事诉讼法在侦查程序之前设立了立案程序,并将其作为刑事诉讼的启动程序,这使得我国刑事侦查启动被归于典型的程序性启动模式。然而,实践中,立案程序的设计存在着严重的弊端,由此也产生了许多难以解决的问题。现今大多数国家都采用了随机型的侦查启动模式,且随机型侦查启动模式较之程序型启动模式更为科学、合理,更有利于实现刑事诉讼打击犯罪与保障人权的双重目的。可见,在当下,重构我国的侦查启动程序,已成为一个迫切需要我们解决的问题。     

刑法法律地位在司法中的具体运用——兼论“北大医院教授死亡”案

司法实务对刑法和其他部门法的关系提出了反思要求。刑法的适用,尤其是对行政犯的定罪量刑,必须处理好刑法与其他部门法之间的关系。这一关系取决于刑法成立部门法的理论基础。调整方式的特殊性是刑法成为部门法的理论基础,刑法调整对象的非独立性和刑罚的严厉性决定了刑法的广泛性、最后性和谦抑性,法律的指引作用以及法律的安全价值追究要求刑法必须与其他部门法保持一致。尽管如此,刑法与其他部门法的地位是平等的。刑法的独立基础和刑法与其他部门法之间的关系决定了刑法在法律体系中的地位。刑法在法律体系中的地位不仅影响着刑法制定,同时也对刑法的具体适用具有重大指导作用。     

论刑事推定的适用——以非法持有国家绝密、机密物品罪为例

刑事推定体现了经验法则与逻辑理性、利益衡平与诉讼效率以及法律强制与自由裁量等价值和意义。推定的适用包括表见成立和反驳两个环节,分别有其条件和法律效果。同时,应正视推定存在一定的缺陷,对其应有所规制。我国《刑法》对非法持有国家绝密、机密的文件、资料或者其他物品罪做了特别规定,即在认定该罪名时存在法律推定的适用问题,适用范围仅指对国家绝密、机密的文件、资料或者其他物品来源和用途非法的推定。     

论刑罚惩治毒品依赖行为的几个问题

吸毒作为一种国际性的社会问题,世界各国都对涉及毒品犯罪从刑法上给予严厉的打击。与之相比,我国对吸食、注射毒品行为的处罚显然失之于宽,失之于软。因此,刑罚惩治毒品依赖行为的要求日益凸显。现实操作中应注意:1.打击面不能过宽;2.识别所依赖的毒品种类;3.注意羁押中的毒品依赖人员人身和生命安全问题;4.罪名设置问题;5.刑罚设置问题。     

The Cybercrime Convention Committee's 2017 Guidance Note on Production Orders: Unilateralist transborder access to electronic evidence promoted via soft law

This article provides a critical analysis of the Council of Europe Cybercrime Convention Committee's Guidance Note of Production Orders, published on 1 March 2017. The article looks at the legal controversies surrounding production orders with a cross-border element. It explains the Guidance Note's background and origins, the basic provisions in the Cybercrime Convention allowing the law enforcement authorities to order and obtain certain information and discusses the requirements that follow from the relevant provisions of the Convention. This analysis is complemented by four critical remarks on the way the Guidance Note pushes the boundaries of acceptable treaty interpretation on the necessity of the Guidance Note, its position in regard to extraterritorial enforcement jurisdiction and sovereignty, its reticence towards fundamental rights and its refusal to define or clarify the important notion of “subscriber information”. The article argues that unilateralism is not a solution. Instead of soft law plumbing, what is needed is an agreement between sovereign states checked by their constituencies.     

中国共产党与中国特色社会主义事业总体布局

摘要：中国特色社会主义事业总体布局大体经历了四个发展阶段：前期探索阶段、初步形成阶段、完善与充实阶段和重大推进阶段。这是中国共产党在领导人民建设中国特色社会主义的探索实践中不断深化认识的结果,反映出我们党是一个实事求是、与时俱进、开拓创新的马克思主义政党,这必将坚定我们在其领导下实现中华民族伟大复兴的信心。     

Prison Recruitment as a Policy Tool of Local Economic Development: A Critical Evaluation

Like the sports franchises and foreign auto plants that preceded them, state and local governments are touting prisons as the latest means of economic miracle‐making, often for small towns and communities that are economically depressed. The building of prisons is supposedly tied to the development of a just, fair, and rational criminal justice policy in a civil democratic society. Prison building has positive and negative social and political consequences for these communities. This critical essay explores some of these consequences in light of the literature on prison siting, the experiences of communities and prisoners, and relevant statistical data in the public domain. It also offers an alternative framework for evaluating prison recruitment as a strategy for local economic development.     

Towards a common framework for assessing the activity and associations of groups who sexually abuse children

Abstract

Extensive social psychological research emphasises the importance of groups in shaping individuals' thoughts and actions. Within the child sexual abuse (CSA) literature criminal organisation has been largely overlooked, with some key exceptions. This research was a novel collaboration between academia and the UK's Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOP). Starting from the premise that the group is, in itself, a form of social situation affecting abuse, it offers the first systematic situational analysis of CSA groups. In-depth behavioural data from a small sample of convicted CSA group-offenders (n =3) were analysed qualitatively to identify factors and processes underpinning CSA groups' activities and associations: group formation, evolution, identity and resources. The results emphasise CSA groups' variability, fluidity and dynamism. The foundations of a general framework are proposed for researching and assessing CSA groups and designing effective interventions. It is hoped that this work will stimulate discussion and development in this long-neglected area of CSA, helping to build a coherent knowledge-base.