涉罪企业合规有效性标准研究——以A公司串通投标案为例

只有被证明是有效的合规计划,才能作为对涉罪企业从宽、免除处罚的事由,但合规有效性标准从合规诞生之日起就是个难解之题.从合规有效性标准的发展历程来看,经历了从技术性指标向文化指标转变的过程,合规有效性的核心标准是合规成为企业文化.与其问企业是否完成了合规计划的实施,不如问企业文化走向何方.奠定于卢曼的社会系统论基础之上的...     

Crime and mental disorders among native Dutch and ethnic minority juvenile defendants in the Netherlands

We examined the prevalence of mental disorders and the recommendations regarding criminal responsibility and treatment in pre-trial mental health evaluations requested by Dutch juvenile courts for youths between the ages of 12 to 17. Youths of native Dutch (n = 2694) and of ethnic minority background (n = 1393) were compared. The prevalence of mental disorders was similar for both groups (76.8% versus 74.4%). Criminal responsibility in native Dutch youth was more often considered ‘diminished’ or ‘strongly diminished’ than in ethnic minority youth. Admission to a juvenile institution was more often recommended for ethnic minority juveniles than for native Dutch juveniles. It remains unclear from our data whether these differences reflect a false stereotype of ethnic minority populations as being more dangerous and threatening.     

Diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder and criminal responsibility

The present study empirically investigates whether personality disorders and psychopathic traits in criminal suspects are reasons for diminished criminal responsibility or enforced treatment in high security hospitals. Recently, the tenability of the claim that individuals with personality disorders and psychopathy can be held fully responsible for crimes has been questioned on theoretical bases. According to some interpretations, these disorders are due to cognitive, biological and developmental deficits that diminish the individual's accountability.The current article presents two studies among suspects of serious crimes under forensic evaluation in a Dutch forensic psychiatric observation clinic. The first study examined how experts weigh personality disorders in their conclusions as far as the degree of criminal responsibility and the need for enforced forensic psychiatric treatment are concerned (n = 843). The second study investigated associations between PCL-R scores and experts' responsibility and treatment advisements (n = 108).The results suggest that in Dutch forensic practice, the presence of a personality disorder decreased responsibility and led to an advice for enforced forensic treatment. Experts also take characteristics of psychopathy concerning impulsivity and (ir)responsibility into consideration when judging criminal accountability. Furthermore, they deem affective deficiencies sufficiently important to indicate suspects' threat to society or dangerousness and warrant a need for forensic treatment.     

Violence against care workers in psychiatry: is prosecution justified?

The number of (severe) violent incidents against staff caused by psychiatric inpatients is high. Victims often do not report these incidents to the police, because of various reasons. But if they do report these incidents, the judicial authorities are often reluctant in prosecuting and convicting these patients. The central question in this article is ‘in which cases is it appropriate to prosecute assaultive psychiatric patients?’In order to identify the influential factors in the decision in respectively reporting, prosecuting and convicting psychiatric patients who assault staff, a literature review has been performed. On the basis of this literature it is advised to report and investigate a case when the incident resulted in severe injury, the incident is a sexual offence, or when a patient repetitively causes violent incidents. Moreover, it appears that, although large amount of studies has been published on violence in psychiatry, the prosecution of violent psychiatric patients has hardly received any attention in the international literature. Empirical studies on this subject are suggested, in order to develop a uniform policy, which is embraced by all parties involved.     

浅析死刑犯部分人身权利——在《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(八)》的启发下

近年来,死刑问题一直被学界所关注,死刑犯的权利问题也得到一些研究和发展.随着我国法制建设的进步,人们开始越来越意识到权利的重要性.《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(八)》的出台,预示着我国法制建设的一些新的发展变化,应该会对死刑犯权利的问题提供一些新的启示.     

论宽严相济刑事政策下我国拘役刑的完善

拘役刑作为短期自由刑的一种,是刑罚种类由轻到重过渡的桥梁,然而在司法实践中,我国拘役刑的适用率普遍较低并且增速缓慢,有的学者甚至提出了废除拘役刑的主张.这种现状与当前我国宽严相济刑事政策的精神实质是极为不符的,也违背了当今世界刑罚轻刑化的发展趋势.因此,应当对我国的拘役刑进行完善,使其成为适应时代发展的刑罚种类.     

“光芒”还是“阴霾”:聚焦科技证据与《刑事诉讼法》修改

《刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》将技术侦查纳入刑事诉讼法、明确电子数据的法律地位、规范录音录像及其视频资料、将鉴定结论修改为鉴定意见等内容,引起了社会各界的高度关注。科技证据在我国刑事诉讼中的广泛运用,有利于我国革除传统口供主义的弊端,促进正当法律程序改革,但同时也带来了人权保障方面的诸多难题。在将来的修正案中,有必要依据证明力上的关联性、证据能力上的容忍性等积极完善科技证据的收集、审查和质证机制,强化刑事司法机关的科技配置。     

试论非法证据排除规则在我国之确立与完善——以《刑事诉讼法（修正案）》为视角

2010年最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、国家安全部、司法部联合颁布的两个证据规定,以及新近通过的《刑事诉讼法（修正案）》中有关非法证据排除的相关规定,对于建立我国的非法证据排除规则以及完善刑事证据制度具有十分重要的意义。本文从对非法证据排除规则在刑事司法领域的价值分析入手,结合新刑事诉讼法中非法证据排除规定的具体内容,从排除证据之范围、举证责任之分配以及排除程序之设置三方面进行详细论证,并对如何在司法实践中更好地落实和完善非法证据排除规则提出建议。     

《刑法修正案（八）》时间效力问题的理解与适用

文章根据《刑法修正案（八）》和《最高人民法院关于〈刑法修正案（八）〉时间效力问题的解释》之规定,对2011年5月1日以后审理的刑事案件适用问题进行了分析,以解决司法实践中有关新旧法律适用中的疑惑。