法院司法问责若干问题研究

党的十八届四中全会指出,完善主审法官、合议庭办案责任制,落实谁办案谁负责。这就提出了如何进行司法问责的问题。而司法问责与原来的错案责任追究明显不同。为构建科学、有效的新型司法问责制度,应当对司法问责的概念进行重新界定,并从司法问责的主体、司法问责的事由与对象、司法问责的标准与责任形式以及建立司法责任豁免制度等方面进行深入的研究。     

Forensic psychiatry in China

This article reviews the legal basis for the development of forensic psychiatry in China, the organization of clinical assessments, and training of forensic psychiatrists. Regulations for the management of patients in Ankang hospitals and the role of forensic psychiatrists within the Criminal Justice system are described. The primary role of forensic psychiatrists is to provide expert opinions on competence to stand trial and criminal responsibility in criminal cases. They are increasingly involved in civil court proceedings and tribunals at the request of a range of official agencies. The clinical cases assessed by Chinese forensic psychiatrists are very similar to those of their counterparts in Western countries, but the organizational and legal framework for these assessments reflects a very different system that has evolved independently.     

海运承运人责任期间之研究——兼谈对《中华人民共和国海商法》相关规定的修改

承运人责任期间是国际海上货物运输中的基本问题,《中华人民共和国海商法》在借鉴有关国家公约的基础上对此做出规定,但由于其在“融合”有关国际公约内容时未能很好地注意到该内容与其他相关条文的协调与衔接,因此实践中也引起不同的理解和争论。在比较现行生效的三个国际海运公约相关条文的基础上,对有关责任期间、合同期间、运输期间、管货义务期间等概念以及有关学说进行比较分析和评价,并结合国际海运公约最新发展动态,对《中华人民共和国海商法》之相关条文进行剖析,并最终提出条文修改建议案。     

日本医师会医师赔偿责任保险制度介评

始建于1973年的日本医师会医师赔偿责任保险制度,经过近40年的发展,已成为日本医疗事故纠纷解决体系中的不可或缺的机制。该制度的实施不仅为医师供给了价格低廉的保险产品,还为医疗事故纠纷的解决提供便捷渠道。尽管这一制度还不尽完善,但这并不妨碍我们从中汲取经验和启示。     

论医疗损害责任抗辩事由及其法律完善

《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》第60条规定了医疗损害责任的抗辩事由,但法律规定不够完善,难以完全应对实践需要。因此,需要对第60条进行法律解释,并需丰富医疗损害责任抗辩事由体系,增加规定无因管理、医疗特权、意外事件、自甘冒险、损益相抵和并发症等抗辩事由。此外,结合我国医疗卫生事业体制和医学科学特点以及比较法的经验,应适当限制医疗损害责任赔偿。     

The Australian Public Service and Policy Advising: Meeting the Challenges of 21st Century Governance

This concluding article summarises the case study findings comprising the Special Issue on ‘Advising Australian Federal Governments: Assessing the Evolving Capacity and Role of the Australian Public Service’, identifies and discusses cross‐cutting issues, and considers strategic implications for future practice and research. It reviews key findings from six case studies – Treasury, Prime Minister and Cabinet, Intergovernmental Relations, Housing, the BER Stimulus program, and Defence – and assesses the policy advising capacity of the Australian Public Service, with a focus on the policy‐political interface between governments and officials. Putting recent experience in historical context, it considers the performance of the Commonwealth's policy advisory system, the impact of prime ministers and centralisation, the link between advising and analytic capacities, the system's resilience and readiness, whether recent dissatisfaction over APS advising reflect lack of capacity or a culture clash, and the responsibility for ensuring high‐quality policy advice. It recommends developing a more systematic approach to assessing policy advising capability, building on recent APS reforms.     

Assessing the Capacity to Deliver – The BER Experience

This article uses the education sector to explore the ability of successive Commonwealth governments to more directly intervene and engage in areas traditionally the responsibility of state and territory jurisdictions. The APS continues to battle against a lack of street‐level knowledge to help structure delivery, including effective feedback and sense‐making mechanisms. While the overall thrust of policy intent might be achievable and even laudable, the potential for success is undermined by structural imbalances, suspicion and information and power asymmetry. BER exemplifies a growing problem in the capacity of the APS to act as a system manager, able to strategically conceptualise and leverage actors, resources and processes to achieve political outcomes. APS capacity to deliver Commonwealth policy intent reliant on inter‐jurisdictional delivery remains a dilemma for advisory capacity and confounds the interventionist ambitions of Commonwealth ministers and exposes them to serious criticisms about their administrative competence.     

富人治村与乡镇的治理逻辑

当前普通农业型村庄的富人治村状况和乡镇治理能力表明,当前的富人治村与传统社会的乡绅治村截然不同,前者更多的是一种行政逻辑,很少积极主动地回应村庄内部的治理需求;后者则是一种自治逻辑,是基于乡村社会内生秩序与治理需求的考虑。相应地,依赖富人治村的乡镇治理逻辑已不再是与传统乡绅治村相适应的简约治理逻辑,而是一种治理逻辑,即依赖富人治村只是乡镇应对其治理能力衰弱,以实现各类行政和治理目标的策略。     

论宽严相济刑事政策视野中刑罚之经济分析

在宽严相济刑事政策下,良好的刑罚应具有四种经济功能：惩罚犯罪,恢复正常秩序,减低交易成本;提供奖惩机制,打击机会主义动机;展示冲突的风险,促进合作;实现犯罪行为外部性的内部化,促进资源的优化配置和增殖。     

醉酒驾驶类危险驾驶罪研究

《刑法修正案（八）》已经明确将危险驾驶入罪。我们从醉酒状态的认定入手,认为应将血液检测作为涉嫌醉酒驾驶类危险驾驶罪的刑事取证必经程序;在醉酒驾车者的刑事责任能力方面,对相关理论进行评析,提出可以引入期待可能性理论确定不同类型醉酒者的刑事责任;在主观状态方面,认为醉酒驾驶是故意犯罪,并对自愿醉酒、非自愿醉酒两种类型的主观...