双肺移植引发医疗纠纷的思考

器官移植对于挽救终末期器官功能衰竭病人的生命具有重要意义，但是在没有充分权衡移植手术利弊的情况下，对患者施行移植技术尚不成熟的双肺移植手术，进行探索性试验的医疗行为违背了生命伦理学和医生的职业道德，医患双方由此发生医疗纠纷也是不可避免的。在司法实践中，由于法律之间的冲突，使医疗纠纷案件的处理陷入了困境，要想使医疗纠纷步入良性、理性处理的轨道，应建立多元化纠纷解决机制或者制定一部位阶较高，专门调整医疗损害赔偿法律关系的法律。     

“…everywhere she went I had to tag along beside her”: Family,life course,and everyday mobility in England since the 1940s

Mobility is one of the most important constituents of everyday life, yet it is rarely studied historically and we know little of how it relates to changing family and life course constraints. Using data drawn from oral life histories, this article examines changes in everyday mobility over the past 60 years focusing both on changes over the life course and on the constraints imposed by family structures. We argue that, like residential migration, daily mobility has been closely related to the life course, with women especially affected by the constraints of motherhood and marriage. However, there is evidence that such constraints have changed over time, and that some older people today enjoy more mobility than they did at earlier life stages. We also argue that the independent mobility of children was closely related to the family structure in which they were situated, but that these constraints have changed much less over the past 60 years. The oral testimonies examined also highlight the variability of mobility experiences and the role of the individual in fashioning mobility behavior.     

Birth spacing as a family strategy: evidence from 19th century Leuven,Belgium

This article investigates the hypothesis that 19th-century working class families in Leuven, Belgium, were controlling their fertility by means of birth spacing for household economic reasons. Detailed life-course data were collected in order to construct, on one hand, a set of covariates that represent the influences of natural fertility on birth intervals and, on the other, a number of family variables that represent the hypothetical, household economic motivation to space births. The findings strongly suggest that birth intervals were not merely a function of natural fertility differences and that family strategic spacing behavior also played a role.     

Violent Life Events and Social Disadvantage: A Systematic Study of the Social Background of Various Kinds of Lethal Violence,Other Violent Crime,Suicide, and Suicide Attempts1

ABSTRACT

Open sanctions and changes in conceptions of rehabilitation are changing qualification requirements in the field of prison and probation services. In particular, the significance of social interaction between employees and offenders has emphasized. This study examines this issue from the viewpoints of social constructionism and discourse analysis. Research material was collected by interviewing 11 Finnish Criminal Sanction Agency employees who prepared and enforced supervised probationary freedom. According to the results, social interaction was structured from different points of view and linked to differently constructed identities in the interviewees’ speech. Professional interaction and a confidential employee–offender relationship were viewed as a means to create occupational safety and prevent security risks, and also to support offender’s rehabilitation. In addition, employees used a discourse of daily interaction and support which emphasized the significance of everyday encounters with the offender. Employees were able to overcome the tension between support and control by flexibly combining the discourse of supervision with the discourse of daily interaction and support, which enabled them to support the offender without being a rehabilitation professional. The study reveals the central role of social interaction, which creates challenges for education, and the development of an organizational culture in prison and probation services.     

从延安《解放日报》改版前后生态位变化看党报发展的趋势

本文用媒介生态相关理论审视延安《解放日报》的改版,认为其不仅是我党初期宣传指导思想的变化和调整,也是在当时全国媒介生态系统中媒介生态位的一次调整,更是党派、集团类报纸生存发展适应传播规律的一次成功实践。从其中可总结出当前党报在时空方位变化后也应适应社会发展进行改革,应在媒介生态中树立种内优生优育意识,与其他媒体实行错位发展并处理好群众性与受众性的关系等。     

理想的重写与日常生活经验的肯定——论王蒙的“季节”系列小说及其他

王蒙晚年创作的“季节”系列小说在情节、人物、场景、细节等方面与其此前的小说均有不同程度的相似。可以说,“季节”系列小说是“老年”王蒙对“少年、青年、中年”王蒙人生经验、历史经验的重写,凝聚着“老年”王蒙的人生感悟与历史感怀,饱含着“老年”王蒙对一生所追求的理想的反思。但在“季节”系列中,王蒙的重写所倚重的是叙事视角的游移、叙事语言的狂欢,历史的沉重与人物的主体被无形中消解,理想的反思也停留在对日常生活经验的肯定之上。     

外企中方高管：远离政治的社会新阶层？①——以世界500强驻京外资企业中方高管为主体的一项考察

驻华外资企业中方高级管理技术人员在公共政治生活中参与程度不高,是因为他们在利益上与资产阶级更加接近,并且很少参与企业外部的政治活动。但是,他们进一步团结的基础和趋势是强势的,其代表资方影响政府决策能力的机会和能力也呈上升趋势。因此,作为潜在的政治主体,如何规范他们的利益表达,引导他们的政治意识,就成了一项紧迫的课题。     

搞好内部管理 营造良好环境——《中山日报》的制度建设和队伍建设

《中山日报》在精神文明和物质文明建设中加强制度建设和队伍建设 ,取得了很大的成绩。他们在内部确立了 39项管理制度 ,加强领导班子建设 ,狠抓党风廉政 ,并且把握正确的政治方向和舆论方向     

Commercializing biomedical science in a rapidly changing “triple-helix” nexus: The experience of the National University of Singapore

Since the late 1990s, the Singapore government had embarked on a significant push to develop the city-state into a major life-science R&D and industrial cluster in Asia. Although a major focus of this new thrust involves attracting leading life science companies overseas to establish operations in Singapore and developing new public life science research institutions to attract overseas life science research talents (Finegold, Wong, and Cheah (2004)), the local universities are expected to play an important role as well. In particular, the National University of Singapore (NUS), the leading university in Singapore, has also started to pursue major strategic change to become more “entrepreneurial”, and identified life science as a major focus for technology commercialization as well. Adapting the “Triple-Helix” framework of Etzkowitz, Webster, Gebhardt, & Terra (2000), this paper examines the significant changes in the university-government-industry “Triple-Helix” nexus for life science in Singapore, and their consequent impact on life science commercialization at NUS. Implications for universities in other late-comer countries seeking to catch up in the global biotech race are discussed.