婚约及彩礼返还的法律分析

婚约现象在我国特别是农村仍然大量存在,但我国法律未将婚约纳入调整的范畴。文章探讨了婚姻的性质,并分析了婚约解除后财礼的返还问题。     

现代化背景下的中国婚姻制度模式

婚姻是家庭的法制保障,人类繁衍的基础。中国传统的婚姻具有他主性、压女性、传嗣性等特征。在社会主义现代化的进程中,传统的婚姻观念和婚姻模式受到了强烈的冲击。在这一冲击中我国现代的婚姻制度呈现了良好的局面,但是也存在着一定的负面效应。因此,我们要在发挥其积极性的同时,也必须将其消极影响降到最低点。使现代的婚姻更加注重平等、自由、忠诚与和谐。     

朱德军事教育思想探析

朱德军事教育思想是其建军思想的重要组成部分，主要包括以下内容：一是人才论，即军事教育要担负为国家培养劲旅的任务；二是灵魂论，即军事教育要突出政治，坚持正确的政治方向；三是中心论，即军事教育要强化军事训练，不断提高战斗力；四是求实论，即军事教育要从实际出发确立求实的态度。     

Sex and the genuine marriage: consummation and conjugality in Canadian citizenship

The idea of consummation as definitive of a marriage seems antiquated today. Yet, consummation operates as a central criterion in determinations of a ‘genuine marriage’ in Canadian immigration law. Drawing on the marriage and migration literature, theorizations of sexual citizenship, and critical multiculturalism, we explore recent judicial considerations of consummation in Canadian family sponsorship adjudications. We searched the CanLII database (a Canadian database of legislation and judicial records) for the keywords ‘non-consummation’ and ‘genuine marriage’ and identified 68 cases. Of these cases, three primary themes emerged: the use of consummation as a ‘technology of love’ – a requirement for assessing the authenticity of the spousal relationship and hence the worthiness of sponsorship; the discursive construction of sexual and gendered norms in expectations around marital intimacy, and the articulation of liberal tolerance and the cultural other in the assessments of genuine marriages among primarily racialized Canadians or permanent residents and their foreign spouses. We challenge these discursive narratives and conclude by arguing that instead of consummation as the basis for genuine marriage, the Law Commission of Canada’s ‘close personal relationship’ model is a better way to assess the ‘genuineness’ of relationships for determining Canadian citizenship.     

离婚妇女贫困化的制度探讨

随着中国离婚率的提高,离婚女性人群也逐步扩大。许多妇女离婚后生活陷入困境,使离婚女性贫困化成为一个社会问题。虽然造成离婚妇女贫困化的原因是多元的,但现行《婚姻法》、《劳动法》、《妇女权益保障法》等法律在保护女性权益的制度设计上存在着诸多不足,而相应的社会保障制度也远未完善,这些都加剧了离婚妇女的贫困状况。只有修正现行法律保护离婚女性权益上的制度缺陷,才能最大限度地减缓和消除离婚女性的贫困化问题。     

代内剥削:农村光棍现象的一个分析框架——基于渝北S村长子打光棍的调查

本研究通过对渝北地区S村的实地调查,提出了代内剥削概念作为分析和探讨光棍产生的新工具,认为在低度代际责任的情况下,能否有机会外出获取婚姻机会,对于农村的未婚男子能否成婚非常重要。在兄弟多的家庭里,长子囿于长兄如父责任伦理限制没有机会外出务工获得经济资源和女性资源而沦为光棍。以往对光棍问题的研究主要集中在男女性别比严重失衡、经济困难、个人身心残缺等层面,但学者们都常忽视了兄弟之间对家庭有限资源和机会的争夺这一重要因素。     

国民党新军阀混战与工农武装割据——以井冈山和中央革命根据地的成功开创为例

毛泽东曾指出:"因为有了白色政权间的长期的分裂和战争,便给了一种条件,使一小块或若干小块的共产党领导的红色区域,能够在四围白色政权包围的中间发生和坚持下来。"本文以井冈山和中央革命根据地的成功开创为例,阐述在上世纪30年代前后的国民党新军阀混战的空隙中,中国共产党通过以毛泽东、朱德为代表领导的工农武装割据,实现红军和农村革命根据地发展壮大的历程。借国民党新军阀混战之机实现工农武装割据,体现了中国共产党领导人审时度势寻找发展机遇的高超战略思维。     

从《琉璃宫史》看东吁王朝的王族婚姻

在封建社会,王族婚姻不仅具有一般的社会意义,还具有政治上的意义.本文通过梳理缅甸最权威史书<琉璃宫史>中所记载的东吁王朝王族婚姻状况,对当时的王族婚制、后妃身份、婚礼、婚姻观念等进行文化意义上的分析,由此揭示王室婚姻对政治和社会的影响.     

Household dissolution, child care and divorce law

This paper sets up a model of household dissolution in which one party decides to leave a household that contains children. We study the effects of divorce law on this decision and, in particular, the role of legal provisions governing the post-dissolution care of the household’s children. In particular, we show that there is an inevitable tension between achieving efficiency in marriage and at the same time achieving efficiency in divorce.     

Applying the Strategies of International Peacebuilding to Family Conflicts: What Those Involved in Family Disputes Can Learn from the Efforts of Peacebuilders Working to Transform War‐Torn Societies

Intractable international conflicts and difficult or intractable family conflicts have much in common. Relationships are damaged or destroyed, escalation causes parties to become polarized and make bad decisions, communication is strained or nonexistent, and competition and coercion take the place of collaboration. Similarities also exist in the realm of solutions, and those caught in (or intervening in) difficult family conflicts can learn much from the strategies and tactics of international peacebuilders. This article describes eight steps that peacebuilders at both the family level and the international level can take to make very damaging conflicts more constructive.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• Limiting escalation is important in both contexts.
• Preventing or correcting misunderstandings is key to resolution in both contexts as well.
• Be sure you are focusing on the real problem(s).
• Get the facts straight (and agreed upon) before making agreements.
• Healing past wrongs is important for long term stability.
• Working both within and beyond the zone of possible agreement (ZOPA) is essential in both contexts.
• Working to improve relationships helps all parties and improves the outcome.