论公共政策主体的合法性

公共政策主体主要指直接参与政策制定的政治权力主体,即体制内主体。规范的政策主体应具备三种属性,即合法权威、合格权威和个人权威,它们共同构成政策主体的合法性。政策主体的合法性对政策系统和政治系统具有重要影响。     

The Effect of “Thin Ideal” Television Commercials on Body Dissatisfaction and Schema Activation During Early Adolescence

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of viewing televised images of female attractiveness on the body dissatisfaction of young adolescent girls and boys. Adolescents (160 females and 197 males) aged 13–15 years viewed either 20 commercials containing idealized female thin images or 20 nonappearance television commercials. Body dissatisfaction was measured before (Time 1), immediately following (Time 2), and 15 min after (Time 3) commercial viewing. Appearance-schema activation was assessed using a word-stem completion task. Girls, but not boys, who viewed the appearance commercials reported significantly higher body dissatisfaction at both Times 2 and 3 compared with the nonappearance condition. Participant age had no effect. Both girls and boys in the appearance condition reported greater schema activation, but appearance schematicity did not moderate the commercial effect. The results support the general hypothesis that televised images of attractiveness lead to increased body dissatisfaction and schema activation for girls as young as 13 years old.     

Beneath the surface: the masculine self and body in Sheridan Le Fanu’s ‘Green Tea’

This article examines the relationship between the masculine self and male body in Sheridan Le Fanu’s short story ‘Green Tea’ (1872), using a masculinity studies lens to analyze Mr Jennings’ destabilized masculinity within the parameters of Victorian male gender norms. I highlight the interwoven relationship between the masculine self and the body through looking at the physical depiction of Jennings, arguing that Jennings’ masculinity, his masculine self, is imprisoned as a reflection of the physical body; a relationship echoing Victorian gender norms regarding masculinity and the body. In the story, a demon follows and watches Jennings, appearing when Jennings is engaged in activity. Focusing on the relationship between the demon’s manifestation and Jennings’ activity, I show that the demon’s presence results from Jennings’ nonconformity to traditional notions of the masculine self. Le Fanu’s emphasis on the demon’s gaze serves to criticize Jennings’ masculinity as Jennings becomes submissive to the demon’s presence; as a result, this submission is mirrored in Jennings’ deteriorating physical body and health. By positing the masculine self within the body, the story acts to highlight Victorian society’s rigid male gender norms and the penalization of bodies that undermine those ideals.     

Rethinking Constructs of Maternity in the Novels of Elena Ferrante and Alice Sebold

This article explores how Alice Sebold and Elena Ferrante place the feminine—and indeed often the maternal—body at the very centre of their narratives. The body—as a locus that filters the broader tensions and conflicts experienced by their female protagonists—in fact emerges as a key site of ‘contestation’ in their works. Through a close analysis of a selection of ekphrastic images, and photographic metatexts in particular, the author draws attention to how the two authors employ textual negotiations of the feminine body to question and problematize normative conceptions of femininity and motherhood. Ultimately, the author suggests that they not only challenge but also shift the perspective of, or indeed refocalize the dominant visual narrative of, the maternal/feminine body and the long history of objectification of the latter. In so doing, the author situates the two writers at the forefront of rethinking contemporary constructs of maternity and femininity.     

Constructions of girls’ bodies in Israeli academic literature: a critical scoping review

This scoping review offers an opportunity to examine the spread and reclaiming of feminist theoretical tenets in a central domain of youth studies. We examined critically the development of the academic literature on Israeli girls and their bodies, based on a girlhood studies perspective. Data consisted of the 255 academic works (articles, book chapters and graduate theses) published on the topic since Israel’s inception. The analysed variables included: decade, language, discipline, topic, focus population, approach and genre. The findings outline a gradual increase overtime of works on the bodies of girls, dominated by health-related topics and quantitative methodologies, alongside a relatively small number of studies on sub-populations of girls and based on a critical approach. The discussion situates the trends found regarding study populations, topics and approaches in the global and local literature on girls, highlighting signs of an emerging girlhood studies perspective in the reviewed literature in the past two decades.     

Current state and progress of research on forensic biomechanics in China

Forensic biomechanics gradually has become a significant component of forensic science. Forensic biomechanics is evidence-based science that applies biomechanical principles and methods to forensic practice, which has constituted one of the most potential research areas. In this review, we introduce how finite element techniques can be used to simulate forensic cases, how injury criteria and injury scales can be used to describe injury severity, and how tests of postmortem human subjects and dummy can be used to provide essential validation data. This review also describes research progress and new applications of forensic biomechanics in China.

Key points

• The review shows the main research progress and new applications of forensic biomechanics in China.
• The review introduces eight cases about the application of forensic biomechanics, including the multiple rigid body reconstruction, the finite element applications, study of mechanical properties, traffic crash reconstruction based on multiple techniques and analysis of morphomechanical mechanism about blood dispersal.
• Though forensic biomechanics has a great advantage for the evaluation of injury mechanisms, it still has some uncertainties owing to the uniqueness of the human anatomy, the complexity of biological materials, and the uncertainty of injury-causing circumstances.

     

刑事司法解释主体二元化研究

对于刑事司法解释主体二元化所出现的冲突的解决之道,并不在于简单地否定检察解释权的存在合理性,而在于从权力体制上明确两者的权力属性.针对两种解释权力的联合所出现的司法权的混乱,我们应当提倡司法解释权力行使的独立原则.     

Urea,Uric Acid,and Creatinine in Postmortem Blood,Vitreous Humor,and Synovial Fluid: A Comparative and Correlation Study,

Urea, uric acid, and creatinine have been demonstrated to be relatively stable in postmortem blood (BL), thus being useful for diagnostic purposes. However, no studies have explored their levels in BL, vitreous humor (VH), and synovial fluid (SF) concurrently. Therefore, we measured and compared their levels in these fluids. We also determined the effects of various factors on their levels. The results indicated that BL urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels were significantly higher than VH and SF levels. VH and SF urea levels and SF creatinine levels had a strong correlation with BL urea and creatinine levels, respectively. BL creatinine levels were higher in men than in women. BL and SF creatinine levels were negatively correlated with age. SF uric acid and BL, VH, and SF creatinine levels exhibited a positive correlation with weight. Only VH creatinine levels were positively correlated with body mass index. None of urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels were correlated with postmortem interval.     

吉林省政府绩效评估机制实证分析

吉林省从2007年开始实施对省政府工作部门的绩效评估。在吉林省的政府绩效评估机制中,评估指标体系的设计体现了战略执行的功能;评估主体的选择体现了多元化的趋势;评估方法的运用体现了定量评估和定性评估、过程评估和结果评估相结合的特点;评估结果的使用发挥了激励和约束的功能。吉林省在政府绩效评估方面的实践在很大程度上反映了地方政府对政府绩效评估机制的理论认识,在实践中也取得了相应的效果和有益的经验。     

论主体和谐发展的对话性

主体的存在具有对话性，对话意味着意义的生成。主体间的对话关系是由其独特的文化个性决定的。具有主体性的人只有在深入、持续的对话过程中才能够得到和谐的发展。