A Rapid,Confirmatory Test for Body Fluid Identification,

We have developed a technique that allows investigators to confirm the presence of blood, semen, and/or saliva in a crime scene sample. It is a confirmatory test where multiple samples can be processed in less than an hour, and it is potentially portable, permitting samples to be processed at the crime scene. Samples at a scene giving a positive result can be further processed while those failing to do so may be ignored. There is a large and growing backlog of DNA evidence in the USA, slowing down the criminal justice system. This backlog has continued to grow despite an increase in the ability to process evidence faster. This technique uses quantum dot molecular beacons to test for tissue‐specific RNA species, identifying particular body fluids. We have demonstrated the tissue specificity of molecular beacons for blood, semen, and saliva.     

Accuracy and Reliability of Total Body Mass Estimation Techniques from Stature and Bi‐iliac Breadth in Non‐Hispanic U.S. Whites from the Bass Donated Skeletal Collection

This paper tests the fidelity of a recent method that used the NHANES III dataset as a proxy to estimate total body mass from stature and bi‐iliac breadth in U.S. White males and females. The bi‐iliac breadths of 230 males and 152 females identified as non‐Hispanic U.S. White from the Bass Donated Skeletal Collection were measured, and along with stature from predonor paperwork, total body mass estimates were calculated and then compared to body masses recorded on predonor paperwork. Male and female samples were subdivided by body mass index (BMI [kg/m²]) categories established by the World Health Organization. Our results suggest that total body mass estimates can be accurately assessed provided that the individual is within 18.50 ≤ BMI ≤ 29.99 for White males and 18.50 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.99 for White females. Recommendations on how to report total body mass estimates are also presented.     

Estimating the Time of Death in Domestic Canines

Abstract:  Because 36.1% of U.S. households have dogs, the time of death (TOD) of dogs at crime scenes can be useful to forensic investigators. However, there are few published studies based on postmortem changes in dogs. This study, conducted indoors in still air at approximately room temperature, monitored the postmortem reduction in rectal, liver, brain, and aural temperatures in 16 dogs for 32 h after death. Graphs of temperature reduction were prepared to estimate the TOD of dogs within the first 32 h postmortem. Sex, body mass, and hair coat density did not affect the rate of body temperature reduction, but increased body weight and volume slowed it. Rectal temperature was the most convenient, reasonable site for measuring body temperature. Vitreous humor potassium ion concentration [K⁺] was measured in both eyes at c.  1.5 and 7 h after death. Both eyes had the same [K⁺] when measured simultaneously, and [K⁺] increased after death.     

尸源认定困难与高科技认定方法

查明死者身源是侦破凶杀案件的突破口 ,法医运用医学的原理和方法 ,认定某具无名尸体、尸骨、碎尸块等是否就是某人或属于某人 ,为辨认无名尸体提供科学依据。但从实际情况看 ,这种认定尸源的方法受到了严峻的挑战 ,使有的案件无从下手而成为积案。高科技测定血液 (血痕 )、精液 (精斑 )、毛发、骨胳、人体组织 ,使认定尸源得到重大突破。     

505例健康体检者的中医体质类型与血糖、血脂、体质量指数关系分析

目的 研究不同体质与血脂、空腹血糖（fasting blood glucose, FBG）、体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）的关系,从宏观和微观角度探究体质的形态结构特质。方法 对505例健康体检人群进行横断面的中医体质调查,同时测定各受试者的血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）、三酰甘油（triglyceride, TG）、低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein, LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（high density lipoprotein, HDL）、FBG,计算BMI,比较每种偏颇体质与平和质的TC、TG、LDL、HDL、FBG、BMI及高脂血症发生率,对每种体质的转化分与TC、TG、LDL、HDL、BMI进行多元线性回归分析。结果 阳虚质者TC、TG、BMI显著低于平和质者（P<0.05,或P<0.01）,痰湿质者BMI显著高于平和质者（P<0.05）,气郁质者BMI显著低于平和质者（P<0.01）。与平和质比较,阳虚质者高脂血症的发生率呈下降趋势,痰湿质者呈升高趋势。多元线性回归分析显示,LDL越高,阳虚质转化分越低;TG越高、BMI越大,阴虚质转化分越低,FBG越高,阴虚质转化分越高;HDL越高,痰湿质转化分越低;BMI越大,瘀血质、气郁质、特禀质转化分越低。结论 阳虚质、阴虚质、瘀血质、气郁质者体型偏瘦,痰湿质者体型偏胖;阳虚质者血TC、TG、LDL、FBG偏低,阴虚质者血FBG偏高,痰湿质者TG、LDL偏高,HDL偏低;痰湿质者具有易发高脂血症的倾向。     

土地征用公益目的性探讨——基于可操作性要求

公共利益既是土地征用的理由,亦是其限制.对公共利益这一内涵极不确定的概念,各国立法与判例都有不同之解读.认为基于可操作性要求,从实体上采列举方式界定公共利益的内涵有其必要性,但应明确赋予法院有公益目的的审查权力.鉴于公共利益是一变动不居的价值判断,从程序上增加公益目的听证程序限制公权力的滥用更具有现实意义.     

Still sucked into the body image thing: the impact of anti-aging and health discourses on women's gendered identities

Health norms have changed over the past three decades, imposing more responsibility for health onto the individual. There are gendered implications of these changes which, when combined with increasing anti-aging pressures, have the potential to intensify the disciplinary relationship women have with their bodies. This paper, based upon interviews with 14 women, examines the impact of dominant health and anti-aging discourses on women's body practices, including exercise, makeup, clothing and diet, and ongoing construction of gendered subjectivity. Findings suggest that the women in this study are motivated to do particular body practices because of their concern with having a healthy and youthful ‘looking’ body. The women's stories reveal that anti-aging and health discourses function to reinforce normative bodily demands of femininity and consequently to intensify disciplinary control of their bodies. While the pressure to fight the appearance of aging is not new, the increasing association of aging with ill health, even illness, in conjunction with the promotion of health has implications for women's relationship with their bodies and sense of self.     

求解企业家道德

企业家的本质是降低市场交易费用的参与者与组织者。企业家道德的生成基础存在于降低市场交易费用的组织实施过程中。它是一个多层次的综合体。当今社会对企业家提出了更高的道德要求。     

根据Y小体的出现率确定脏器性别

作者用人的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、大脑、小脑制成涂片,用0.5％盐酸阿的平染色,pH5.5磷酸—枸橼酸缓冲液分化,在荧光显微镜下观察细胞核内的Y小体,计数其百分率。共观察了33具尸体的脏器,其中男性22人,女性11人。在男性脏器的细胞核中,Y小体的出现率为24％—80％,均值为48％;女性为0—8％,均值为0.76％;由此可见在两性间Y小体的分布不仅不相重迭,而且男性的下限与女性的上限相距甚远,故用本法进行脏器的性别鉴定是可行的。     

人体损伤后医疗因素影响的有关问题探讨

人体损伤后医疗因素的影响会改变人身损害后果，加之目前我国法理及法律方面的不完善，使此类案件的审理出现一定困难，同时对法医学鉴定也有一定的影响。本文通过对８例案件的分析，讨论了人体损伤后医疗因素影响的特点，并结合法律的观点，提出法医学鉴定中需探讨的问题：１、医疗因素与人身损害之间的因果关系；２、医疗因素有无过失以及责任性过失和技术性过失的区分；３、外伤与医疗因素在人身损害中参与度的判定。从而提高法医学鉴定的科学性，为公正审判服务。