我国乡村负债问题的成因及其化解

当前 ,我国乡 (镇 )政府和村级组织的债务负担 ,成为我国农村经济在改革和发展中的较为突出的问题。本文分析了乡村组织负债问题的成因、特点及其影响 ,并就乡村债务的化解进行了探讨。     

From the Executive Board to the Classroom. What Debt Relief Means for Education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

ABSTRACT

This analysis re-assesses the IMF’s decision to grant debt relief to the DRC in 2010 based on the country’s poverty reduction and growth performance: would the IMF come to the same conclusion given the current knowledge available about the impact of the debt relief process on public governance and service delivery? First, it shows that, whereas the direct resource effect of this aid modality was minimal, the indirect effect was more significant: the conditionalities attached to the process helped to stabilize the economy and increased the overall budget of the Congolese state. This increased resource availability also sustainably percolated to the education sector. Second, however, the impact on social development was minimal: school enrolment increased but was hardly accompanied by extra budget per pupil, whereas more complicated challenges like disparities in access or quality of schooling were left untouched. The government’s strategy was also partly short-circuited by the electoral process.     

The impact of equal offortunity compliance laws in government contrgcting: the shelby county,tennessee experience

Abstract

Very few researchers have addressed the long‐term financing arrangements of municipal governments in developing countries. No research has evaluated empirically either the elements that affect municipal borrowing in developing countries or what those elements reveal about the municipal credit system. Analyzing Brazilian municipal loan and financial data with a series of simultaneous equations, this paper addresses the following questions: What factors determine municipal government investment levels, borrowing levels, and borrowing prices? What do empirical data reveal about the character of the Brazilian municipal credit system? The results show that investment, borrowing, and borrowing prices are interconnected. Furthermore, while some signs of a market‐based system exist, there is evidence that investment and borrowing decisions are made within an administered market.     

Financial systems,corporate control and capital accumulation

The rise of financial markets, backed by the revolution in information technology,has been one of the pillars of the new economy. Asset price inflation, financed by debt, has now become the driving force in capital accumulation and equity-linked markets for corporate control have significant effects on both corporate strategic management and the growth of the business sector. This paper develops a model to study these relationships. One component of the new circumstances is that an active market for control forces firms to boost their share price in response to the threat of take-over and, to maintain a minimum return on equity, they have to distribute dividends or buy back shares. As a consequence, the share of profits dedicated to financing internal growth is reduced, corporations increase their indebtedness and thereby become constrained by banks. The interplay of these multi-dimensional pressures delivers a straightforward, but nonetheless important lesson: everything else being equal, the more active the market for control, the lower the growth rate.     

Neville Chamberlain and Strategic Relations with the US During his Chancellorship

The standard appreciation of Neville Chamberlain's attitude towards the United States and its relationship to Britain's strategic position in the interwar most often begins its analysis with his becoming Prime Minister in 1937. Those works make it appear as if the man never considered what the strategic worth of the United States was until that moment. This article argues that to do so misses the vital influences and the legacy of Chamberlain's important formative years as Chancellor of the Exchequer. It was in that role, and in particular during the confrontational era of negotiations concerning war debts in the period between 1932 and 1934, that his perceptions of the worth of the United States were influenced greatly. This article hopes to redirect future studies of Chamberlain's strategic thinking toward the idea of looking at the formulation of that strategic thinking in a more comprehensive fashion.     

我国国债规模影响因素实证分析

影响我国国债发行规模的最重要因素是居民储蓄、GDP、国债还本付息额和财政赤字。我国传统的根据国债还本付息额和财政赤字发行国债,不具有可持续性,实行国债余额管理乃明智之举。这是因为,实行国债余额管理后,既能规范发债行为,又能增强主动性,有利于防范财政风险。     

Sustainable fiscal policies and budgetary risk under alternative monetary policy arrangements

Early work on the theory of economic policy stressed the importance of the interactions between fiscal and monetary policy. Tinbergen, and Cooper, showed us that there would be costs in instability and protracted imbalances, in particular fiscal imbalances, if this was not recognised. Yet most models we use today treat fiscal or monetary policies as if they operated alone. This paper reviews the advantages of recognising those interactions. We consider three possibilities: fiscal leadership (in the sense of acting first), monetary leadership, and simultaneous decision making, each underpinned by independence at the central bank. This temporal separation is important because it creates an opportunity for punishment by the follower (a result from asynchronous games). Making fiscal policy lead, and monetary follow, provides fiscal precommitment and the best results for output, inflation and fiscal balances. In particular, it ensures sustainable public finances without the need for arbitrary (and easily evaded) external restrictions. We show these results are proof against override by rational governments; and robust to changes in structure caused by flattening of the Phillips curve, globalisation, market reforms, and changes in savings.

欧洲主权债务危机及其对中国—东盟金融合作的启示

欧洲主权债务危机的爆发给本来就复苏缓慢的欧盟经济蒙上了一层阴影,并对全球经济复苏造成严重影响。本文对此次债务危机的原因及其影响进行了深入分析,在此基础上,结合中国—东盟金融合作的具体情况,提出中国—东盟金融合作要认真吸取欧洲主权债务危机的教训,在中国—东盟金融合作过程中,各国政府之间要建立良好的政策协调机制、危机应对机制和监管机制,以防范区域性危机的发生。     

俄与朝韩经贸合作发展状况剖析

近年来,俄罗斯与朝鲜、韩国经贸合作关系发生了较大的变化,即俄朝双边经贸合作由20世纪90年代的急剧萎缩到现在又开始逐渐升温,同期俄韩经贸合作则由迅速扩大转为发展速度相对放缓,形成较大的反差.目前,俄罗斯又成为朝鲜继中国、韩国之后的第三大贸易伙伴和重点引进外资的对象国,而俄韩之间则变化不大,在对方的对外贸易中所占的位置一直在第十位之后. 今后,俄对朝韩的经贸关系均会有较快的发展,前景较为看好.     

制定侵权责任法的学理分析——侵权行为之债立法模式的借鉴与变革

罗马法上的债最初起源于犯罪,原始的誓约是债的起源的最典型的形式;罗马法上的债具有强制性和财产性。民法法系国家的侵权行为属于债的范畴,债具有财产性,债法为财产法。传统民法不严格区分债务与责任,根据现代法理学特别是我国法理学的发展,应将义务(债务)、责任与法裁区分开。德国民法上的请求权理论有科学性,也有局限性。我国应当借鉴和变革侵权行为之债的立法模式,借鉴和变革德国民法上的请求权理论,改变损害赔偿(恢复原状)过于宽泛的内涵,在《民法通则》规定的多种侵权责任形式的基础上,制定侵权责任法,为民法典侵权责任编奠定基础。民法典应以权利为本位,以法律关系为核心,构建科学的民事责任观念与民事责任法体系,构建更加科学的债的观念与债法体系。本文提出了"侵权责任法纲要与部分条文建议"。