论决策艺术与辩证法思想

本文主要从三个方面来论述辩证法在决策艺术中的运用,即全面的观点和系统的方法;发展的观点和长远的眼光;对立统一的观点和矛盾分析的方法.突出辩证法与决策艺术的内在联系,整个决策艺术的精髓就是辩证法思想.     

毒品案件中控制下交付情报决策的博弈论分析

控制下交付是为了侦破毒品案件、打击毒品犯罪而提出的一项行之有效的侦查措施。在控制下交付的实施过程中，公安机关和贩毒集团各自根据当时的情形进行决策，彼此的决策又相互影响，符合博弈的基本模式。可以用博弈的方法进行定量分析。公安机关通过对这一过程的量化分析，计算出各方的损失和收益，从而将控制下交付的风险降至最低，对控制下交付的情报决策起着重要的指导作用。     

美国外贸政策决策机制的变革——美国《1934年互惠贸易协定法》述评

<1934年互惠贸易协定法>的通过是美国贸易政策与立法发生重大转变的标志."1934年体制"导致美国<联邦宪法>中由国会主导的贸易政策规制体制真正开始向由国会与总统共享决策体制的过渡完成.其中所涉及的深刻的国际与国内政治一经济背景是解读这一体制的关键所在.审视这一体制并廓清其中所含的法律机理,有助于我们深入剖析美国贸易政策的历史流变,其影响表现在对美国国内贸易政策与国际贸易体制两个层面.     

信息因素与毛泽东的决策探析——以“三反”运动为例

信息作用贯穿于决策始末，是决策做出的关键因素之一。毛泽东对“三反”运动的发动、发展、运行调整，都直接源于对信息的获取、深入及其拓展。从信息与决策关系的微观层面重新认识和评价毛泽东决策做出的深层次历史原由，了解信息因素对毛泽东做出决策的重要性，可以为新时期建立科学的信息决策机制提供历史的借鉴。     

Group Differences in Fairness Perceptions and Decision Making in Voting Rights Cases

Participants recruited from one Historically Black University (HBU) and two predominantly White higher-education institutions evaluated and decided simulated voting rights case summaries in which the plaintiff was either a racially-defined (African American) or a nonracially-defined (farmers) minority group. Contrary to social identity and social justice findings of an in-group bias, the present study showed greater support at all institutions for the voting rights of the African Americans than for the rural farmers, and the greatest support for both minority groups was found at the HBU. Perceived evidence strength was a better predictor of decisions than perceived unfairness, and both of these predictor variables completely mediated the effects of institution-type and involvement of a racially-defined group on decisions.     

制度程序是民主决策的保证

公共政策的制定,可以而且应该预设两种基本的程序:一是技术程序,一是制度程序,而对于民主决策来说,更重要的是制度程序。所谓制度程序,解决的是按照什么样的预设规则使一定的社会问题进入决策程序并如何产生决策结果的问题。决策中的制度程序具有组织化的特征,即通过一定的组织规则,将人们的决策活动规范到制度程序之中,进而使决策符合民主的原则和要求。     

E-Mail Communication and Group Cooperation in Mixed Motive Contexts

Two empirical studies are presented that explore how and why e-mail communication (versus face-to-face communication) influences cooperation in mixed motive group contexts. Results indicate that, relative to those engaging in face-to-face interaction, those who interacted via e-mail were (1) less cooperative and (2) felt more justified in being noncooperative. Feelings of justification mediated the relationship between communication media and the decision to cooperate or not.

陈云的宏观经济决策理论

陈云的宏观经济决策理论,是其经济理论的重要组成部分。其决策基础、出发点、根本原则、基本方法等,具有科学性和独创性。研究和探讨陈云的这一宝贵思想遗产,对今天我们全面贯彻落实科学发展观,减少重大经济决策失误,实现宏观经济决策科学化、民主化,具有重要理论意义和现实意义。     

Drilling down into ethics: A thematic review of ethical considerations for the creation and use of 3D printed human remains in crime reconstruction

The existing literature contains some exploration of the ethics concerning human remains in forensic and virtual anthropology. However, previous work has stopped short of interrogating the underlying ethical concepts. The question of how people understand and apply these concepts in practice, and what it means to act ethically, remain underexplored. This thematic review explores the ethical considerations that contribute to the creation and use of 3D printed human remains for forensic purposes. The three main branches of ethical theory are outlined to explore how they may apply to forensic practice. Key themes relating to 3D printing human remains in forensic contexts were explored to better understand the ethics landscape, ethical challenges, and the current guidelines in place. Through this thematic review, nine ethics principles were identified as key principles for guiding best practice: anonymity, autonomy, beneficence, consent, context, justice, non-maleficence, proportionality, and transparency. It is suggested that these principles could be incorporated into adaptable guidelines going forward to support ethical practice. The findings also suggest that holistic ethics cognition training may have value in supporting forensic scientists in ethical decision-making, together with procedural and structural design that may promote best practice and reduce cognitive load.