构建“禁毒系统工程”体系的思考

禁毒系统工程指从系统思想出发,将禁毒工作视为由相互联系因素所构成的有机整体,运用系统工程的方法进行各项禁毒措施的制定、实施和监督、反馈,并通过国家或各种社会力量来保障实现总体目标的管理方法。其子系统包括禁毒决策系统、禁毒实施系统、禁毒监控系统、禁毒反馈系统四部分。禁毒系统工程体系要有效运作,就要有计划地协调各子系统开展禁毒工作,子系统与禁毒相关工作的管理与控制、设计与开展都必须服从于禁毒系统工程的需求。     

色质联用技术在毒品检验中的应用

毒品检验是打击毒品违法犯罪的一种重要手段,特别是色质联用技术在毒品检验中的广泛使用,拓展了禁毒工作内涵。其优势:1.测定毒品中的各种成分和含量;2.推断藏匿毒品的重量;3.检验毛发中的毒品等。     

Effects of cocaine and heroin,and their combination,on the development rate of Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Insects present on or near decomposing bodies are collected by forensic entomologists and used to estimate the post-mortem interval. Drugs metabolized by a person before death may affect the rate of development of insects feeding on the corpse. This study aimed to determine the effects of cocaine and heroin main metabolites on the development rate of the Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and their implications on minimum post-mortem interval determination. Groups of 250 eggs each were placed into four separate pots of 150 g of minced pork meat being either un-spiked, or spiked with benzoylecgonine, morphine, or a combination of both. Larval length (mm) and weight (mg) measurements were taken twice daily and the rate of development of the insects’ life cycle was monitored until eclosion. Results show that cocaine-fed larvae developed less in length and weight than the control group. Heroin-fed larvae showed a more fluctuating pattern, being smaller and lighter than the control group for most of their larval cycle, but overtaking them in both parameters towards pupation. Combination-fed larvae seemed to favour the effects of cocaine. The three conditions also had a significant impact on the length of the insects’ life cycle. Cocaine and drug combination treatments increased the length of the second and third instar stages, but led to the shortening of pupation and accelerated eclosion. Conversely, heroin treatment led to lengthier pupation. Interestingly, the effects of the drug combination seemed to mirror more precisely those of cocaine.These findings indicate that both cocaine and heroin, singularly and in combination, have sizable effects on blowflies’ development rates, potentially biasing post-mortem interval estimations.     

Mass spectral and NMR spectral data of two new designer drugs with an alpha-aminophenone structure: 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone and 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone

This study presents and discusses the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and mass spectroscopic data of the new designer drug 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone (MPBP) and its homolog 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MPHP) which were seized in 2004 and 2000 in Germany for the first time. The structure elucidation of the aliphatic part of MPBP was carried out by product ion spectroscopy of the immonium ion formed after electron ionization as well as with 1H and 13C NMR. Product ion spectroscopy of immonium ions again proved to be a powerful tool to determine the structure of designer drugs and to distinguish between isobaric structures of the alkyl-amino moiety.     

Is it possible to have cheaper drugs and preserve the incentive to innovate? The benefits of privatizing the drug approval process

In this paper, we argue that lower prices for pharmaceuticals can be achieved by fostering a new type of competition in the pharmaceutical industry. Lower drug development costs, and hence prices, can be brought about by abolishing national drug administrations and replacing them with private certification boards that compete on the basis of safety, efficiency and cost of their drug approval process. A major benefit of this type of privatization is that it would not necessitate limits on data exclusivity in order to achieve lower prices. Drug approval privatization could achieve the same positive results as generic competition, in terms of lower costs and prices, without the negative effects of intellectual property rights violation and the consequent discouragement of innovative activities.

云南边疆民族地区毒品犯罪特点研究

80年代,毒品犯罪在云南死灰复燃,日益猖獗,纵观二十多年毒品犯罪状况。其规律和特点主要有:1.走私运输毒品居多;2.具有区域性、不平衡和流动性;3.犯罪主体多元化和多源化;4.涉毒数量、种类、作案手段和方式具有多、大、新的特点。     

Improving the quality of drug court clinical screening: a call for performance measurement policy reform

Despite the widespread use of the drug court model, standardized performance measures for drug courts are not uniformly utilized, and rarely include process measures. To ensure that drug courts are being implemented in the most effective manner, the use of performance measurement tools should be considered for wide scale adoption. Drug court effectiveness is moderated by participant characteristics, and is most effective for individuals with the highest substance use needs. Therefore, having quality clinical screening processes is crucial to ensuring that drug courts are serving the population for which they are effective. This paper examines clinical screening in drug courts, to answer the following 1) what is the current state of screening, 2) what works, and 3) why measurement matters. It also proposes a clinical screening performance measure to improve fidelity and ensure appropriate participant enrollment. The creation of a performance measure would create opportunities to improve drug court outcomes, and leverage pay-for-performance models.     

有偿采供血或吸毒致艾滋病毒携带和艾滋病人群的舌象特点

目的 通过临床调查研究因有偿采供血、吸毒致艾滋病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)携带和(或)艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS)人群的舌象特点. 方法 运用舌象拍摄和专家分析相结合的方法,对有偿采供血或吸毒致HIV携带和(或)AIDS人群的舌象特点进行比较和分析. 结果 有偿采供血或吸毒致HIV携带和(或)AIDS人群中出现率较高的舌象有:热象舌色出现率分别为63.64%和65.71%,瘀象舌色出现率分别为33.64%和41.14%,胖大和(或)齿痕舌分别为40.45%和45.14%,裂纹舌分别为35%和26.86%;两类人群均以白苔居多,黄苔出现率分别是23.18%、28.00%,厚苔的出现率分别是40.45%和31.43%,腻苔出现率分别是65.91%和82.29%. 结论 两组人群的舌象表现较为一致,HIV携带者和(或)AIDS患者常见舌象特点是:舌质红;苔厚腻,以白腻居多;舌体胖大或有齿痕;有瘀象.