The detection of deception with the reality monitoring approach: a review of the empirical evidence

One of the verbal approaches to the detection of deceit is based on research on human memory that tries to identify the characteristics that differentiate between internal and external memories (reality monitoring). This approach has attempted to extrapolate the contributions of reality monitoring (RM) research to the deception area. In this paper, we have attempted to review all available studies conducted in several countries in order to yield some general conclusions concerning the discriminative power of this approach. Regarding individual criteria, the empirical results are not very encouraging: few criteria discriminate significantly across studies, and there are several variables that moderate their effect. Some of the contradictory findings may have emerged because of differences in the operationalizations and procedures used across individual studies. However, more promising results have been reported in recent studies, and the approach as a whole appears to discriminate above chance level, reaching accuracy rates that are similar to those of criteria-based content analysis (CBCA). Some suggestions for future research are made.     

Heroin addictions in Italians: Evaluation of OPRM1 genetic variants by case–control association study

The opportunities to analyse the genetic variations related to the risk of addiction are of interest to forensics, who beside their involvement in drugs-related fatalities may also be required to assess driving and working ability as well as permanent invalidity due to drugs-related conditions. Several genetic variants have been shown to be associated with heroin addiction. The most investigated gene is OPMR1 that encode the μ-opioid receptor. The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of genetics variants in OPRM1 to the susceptibility to addiction.     

未成年人毒品犯罪的现状、原因、对策分析及相关审理疑难问题探讨——以2010—2013年上海未成年人毒品犯罪为例

近年来,青少年吸毒、参与贩毒等现象不断出现,已成为危害社会秩序以及青少年健康成长的一大祸患。以2010年至2013年四年期间上海市各级人民法院审理的一审未成年人毒品犯罪案件为例,对上述犯罪呈现的特点、个体及社会之原因、处理情况以及审理中遇到的问题进行分析,并在此基础上,有针对性地对我国青少年毒品犯罪防控模式提出相关的建议和对策,以期对控制我国青少年毒品犯罪有所裨益。     

普洱边境地区涉毒特殊群体的特点与防控对策研究

近年来,云南省普洱市边境地区特殊群体参与毒品违法犯罪的情况日益突出。本文分析了当前普洱边境地区涉毒特殊群体的现状和主要特点并结合公安边防部队的工作实际提出了相应的防控对策。     

制定我国《药品再评价管理办法》的法律依据及有关问题分析

本文通过介绍我国开展药品再评价的法律依据,探讨制定我国《药品再评价管理办法》的必要性和急迫性,并 就有关实际工作中存在的问题提出了解决建议。     

Forensic analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) by HPLC--statistics and extreme CDT values

Background

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is the most specific serum marker of chronic alcohol abuse so far. There is little knowledge about extreme CDT values of >20% and the more >30% CDT.

Methods

Serum CDT/transferrin ratios from 19,236 serum samples sent to our laboratory for routine CDT analysis were determined by HPLC. About 75% of these serum samples were from traffic or employment medicine investigations. A CDT value frequency histogram was computed and extreme CDT values were clinically validated.

Results

Fourteen thousand four hundred and sixty-one CDT results were normal (≤1.7%) and 4775 increased (1.8–36.9% CDT). Most frequent normal and increased results were 0.9% CDT (n = 1964) and 1.8% CDT (n = 356). CA. 70% of the pathological results were between 1.8% and 5.0% CDT, ca. 88% between 1.8% and 10.0% CDT, and 98% between 1.8% and 20.0%. CDT values >20.0% appeared in 79 cases and results >30.0% in two cases (33.8% and 36.9%). In each case of CDT values >20%, chronic alcohol abuse was the underlying cause as confirmed by anamnestic exploration.

Conclusions

CDT/transferrin ratios are usually <20%. Higher values can appear in rare cases. CDT results >30% can be due to alcohol abuse but should be considered as remarkable single observations. Visualization of the transferrin isoform patterns by HPLC allows the detection of pathological transferrin isoform patterns and of genetic transferrin variants. This is essential for a reliable interpretation of (extreme) CDT values. CDT analysis by immunoassays without physico-chemical confirmatory analysis is no longer acceptable.     

鸦片犯罪在红河州的变化探析

十多年来 ,尽管世界上毒品更新换代 ,品种不断翻新 ,但鸦片这种传统毒品仍不断从境外渗透入境 ,危害着红河州乃至更广阔的地区。与前几年相比 ,当前的鸦片犯罪在毒品来源、贩运手段等方面发生了一些变化。现将这种变化及原因作简要分析 ,以便在严厉打击精制毒品犯罪的同时 ,采取针对性措施 ,遏制鸦片烟毒的发展和蔓延 ,创造良好的社会环境     

禁毒情报理论研究面临的任务

禁毒情报理论研究面临以下任务 :从刑侦情报观到禁毒情报观的转变 ;禁毒情报需求分析 ;禁毒情报源分析 ;禁毒情报搜集手段 ;禁毒情报的分析评估 ;禁毒情报与反情报 ;禁毒情报服务模式 ;禁毒情报意识 ;禁毒情报技术 ;中外禁毒情报比较研究。     

基于德尔菲法的穴位敷贴干预小儿哮喘常用穴位及药物研究

目的 探讨穴位敷贴干预小儿哮喘的常用穴位及药物。方法 通过文献检索,初步筛选穴位敷帖干预小儿哮喘的常用穴位和药物;再运用德尔菲法对小儿哮喘防治的专家进行3轮问卷调查。采用均数、等级和、不重要百分比评价专家意见集中程度,采用变异系数评价专家意见协调程度。结果 穴位敷贴干预小儿哮喘的常用穴位是肺俞、定喘、膻中、大椎、膏肓、脾俞、天突、肾俞及膈俞,常用药物是白芥子、细辛、甘遂、延胡索、肉桂、50%生姜汁及人工麝香。结论 运用德尔菲法采集的专家意见可为穴位敷贴干预小儿哮喘临床实践标准的建立奠定基础。