Assessing the Impact of the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative (JDAI): Predictors of Secure Detention and Length of Stay Before and After JDAI

The Annie E. Casey Foundation’s Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative (JDAI) seeks to reduce the reliance on pre-dispositional detention. While anecdotal evidence indicates that the program has enjoyed some success in reducing detention populations, no controlled study has assessed the efficacy of the program. The current study investigated the impact of JDAI following its adoption in one Virginia juvenile court. Specifically, using data on all juveniles referred to intake over a seven-year period, the research analyzed predictors of detention and length of stay before and after JDAI. Results indicate that after the implementation of JDAI, greater emphasis was placed on legal factors including offense seriousness and prior record, though the increased emphasis was greater for non-whites than for white youth. Additionally, results suggest that after JDAI’s adoption, older non-white youth were more likely to receive secure detention while non-white females received some degree of leniency compared to non-white males.     

合法刑事拘留是否赔偿——浅析修订后的《国家赔偿法》第十七条

修改后的《国家赔偿法》已经出台,此次修法力度较大,其中新法第17条关于刑事拘留赔偿的问题引起极大关注。与旧法相关规定相比,新法第17条有进步之处,但也存在不足。     

Hunger strikes,detainee protest,and the relationality of political subjectivization

This paper attends to the relationships and spatialities through which immigration detention centers, though isolating and constraining spaces, are shaped by detainees. I approach the problematic of detainee resistance and agency through both Critical Citizenship Studies and feminist relational frameworks. I do so through a case study of one particular rupture – the 2014 hunger strikes at the Northwest Detention Center. My analysis of the 2014 hunger strikes at the NWDC directs me to conceptualize detainee activism as a process of political subjectivization, though one that is fraught with physical and political risk to both detainees and the order of sovereignty and citizenship. This process is undergirded by and productive of a series of interpersonal and political relations that mediate detainee actions and statements, and constitute them as a rupture in the order of sovereignty and citizenship.     

浅谈看守所在押人员羁押表现量刑化的制度建设

在看守所被羁押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人因触犯刑律的不同,其羁押表现也各不相同。从当前形势看,在押人员羁押表现量刑化有其现实需要;从法律角度看,在押人员羁押表现量刑化有其创新需要;从审判角度看,在押人员羁押表现量刑化有其可操作性。为此,应加强看守所在押人员羁押表现量刑化的制度建设。     

试论我国刑事拘传措施的现状及对策

刑事拘传作为一种法定的刑事强制措施,目前在公安司法实践中相关法律法规对刑事拘传措施规定存在缺陷、刑事拘传措施在司法实践中被人为曲解或扭曲等问题。因此,必须明确、细化刑事拘传规定,完善与拘传有关的制度,加强执法监督,提高公安司法人员的素质,从而促进刑事强制措施的合理合法。     

行政拘留:被法治遗忘的角落

我国现行行政拘留制度在四个方面存在缺陷。行政拘留应当符合四大基本原则:人权保护原则;参与原则;司法审查原则和救济原则。在从价值观上实现由“形式法治主义”到“实质法治主义”转变的前提下,应当从四个方面对我国的行政拘留制度进行重构。     

论治安管理处罚上的担保人与保证金制度

与其它行政处罚不同,立法没有为行政拘留设置听证程序,而是设计了担保人和保证金制度。由于缺乏对保证人责任追究措施的明确规定,加上拘留所为了追求非法经济利益,以及警察法治观念等方面的原因,这些规定并没有发挥预期作用。《治安管理处罚法》和其它新规定做了改进,强化了担保人责任,提高了保证金额度。为真正解决实际问题,建议还应该建立罚款与拘留期之间的转换制度。     

论拘留

拘留是一种重要的刑事诉讼强制措施 ,它的产生与发展是伴随着资产阶级人权观、民主观的产生而产生、建立而建立的 ,有其固有的缺陷。像其他刑事诉讼强制措施一样 ,它的实质是调和国家权与人权的矛盾。现行拘留制度过分强调对国家权的保护 ,而忽视或很少有对人权的保护 ,这都是要检讨和改进的。     

看守所制度的规则系统检视与建构

看守所制度的规则系统具有形式上零散、内容上发展不平衡、演变滞后、规则内容和形式均相对封闭、演变方向明确的特征。产生前述状态的原因是看守所的地位不明确、基于犯罪是"邪恶的"的传统文化而产生的被羁押人员是"邪恶的"的认识、看守所制度规则的零散化和相对秘密化。看守所制度规则系统应当附属于刑事诉讼法的母系统,包括调整看守所和被羁押人员的关系、看守所与司法机关之间的关系、看守所和辩护人及诉讼代理人的关系以及保障看守所秩序的规范。这些规范在形式上表现为全国立法机构制定的法律、为保障法律实施的各种解释、看守所的内部管理规则和外部秩序保障规范的三级规范。