Ocular findings in pediatric deaths under 2 years of age (1994-2004)

Abstract:  Our purpose is to highlight novel ocular findings of 102 forensic pediatric cases under 2 years of age who die suddenly. Forensic information, grossing, and microscopic eye protocol was followed. The most common diagnosis was Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) (57/102). Novel cytoid bodies were present in the retina of 72/102 cases and they were located predominantly 90% (65/72) at the anterior part of the retina ( p  < 0.001). Of the SIDS cases, 85% (47/57) showed the presence of cytoid bodies, and among all diagnosis, SIDS was the most associated with cytoid bodies ( p  = 0.003). A second observation was extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) identified in 35/102 cases and 22 of the 57 SIDS cases. The most frequent EMH location was the choroids (29/35). This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of cytoid bodies and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the retinas of SIDS cases and children who die suddenly from other causes.     

下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床法医学鉴定

下肢深静脉血栓形成是交通损伤后常见的并发症,其伤病关系和伤残等级的鉴定是法医学鉴定的难点之一。在下肢深静脉血栓形成发展至下肢深静脉血栓后综合征时,下肢深静脉发生了血栓的堵塞、瓣膜和静脉壁的破坏,致循环系统和下肢功能障碍,严重影响伤者的生活质量和工作能力。本文通过文献回顾,分析不同类型下肢深静脉血栓对机体的影响,探讨其伤病关系、评残时机、伤残等级的鉴定方法。     

基于先天运气禀赋探究多囊卵巢综合征的发病规律

目的 基于五运六气理论，探究先天运气禀赋对多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome，PCOS）发病规律的影响。方法 收集2 737例患者的出生日期，分析其出生时的五运六气分布特点。结果 PCOS患者出生时的天干、岁运及主气、客气分布具有一定的差异性：天干为己，岁运为金，主气为少阴君火，客气为太阴湿土者，最易罹患本病。PCOS发病有基于五运的5年周期变动趋势（r=0.648），以及基于主客气的3年周期变动趋势（主气：r=0.158；客气：r=0.664）。本病的发生与出生年份的运气相合特点密切相关，出生于岁会年、同岁会年、顺化年、平气年者易罹患本病。结论 PCOS的发病与出生时的五运六气分布特点可能有一定关系。     

心可舒片对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征PCI患者非靶病变粥样硬化斑块的影响

目的 观察心可舒片联合西药对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention，PCI）患者非靶病变粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法 将60例非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征PCI患者，采用随机数字表法随机分为对照组和治疗组，每组30例；对照组予以常规西药，治疗组在此基础上联合心可舒片；观察两组患者治疗前后血脂水平、炎症因子水平以及非靶病变血管粥样硬化斑块的血管内超声（intravascular ultrasound，IVUS）影像学指标。结果 治疗后两组患者总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、超敏C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6水平、斑块负荷均显著降低（P＜0.05），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平、最小管腔面积均显著上升（P＜0.05），且治疗组上述指标改善程度较对照组更优（P＜0.05）。结论 心可舒片能显著改善患者血脂、炎症因子水平以及非靶病变血管粥样硬化斑块IVUS影像学指标。     

Parental alienation (syndrome) in child custody cases: survivors’ experiences and the logic of psychosocial and legal services in Italy

ABSTRACT

Parental alienation (syndrome) is a controversial issue, criticized by experts in different fields. However, this concept is often used by professionals and is frequently cited in courtrooms. This qualitative study focuses on parental alienation and explores women’s experiences as well as legal and social services’ practices in child custody cases. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with separated mothers who were victims of intimate partner violence, and with social workers and psychologists/psychiatrists designated by courts to evaluate parenting skills. Expert reports, psychological assessments and legal documents were also analysed. Results show that professionals endorsed parental alienation and considered it a ‘feminine problem’. Women were often blamed and labeled as ‘engaging in parental alienation’ when they were trying to ensure their children’s safety. Children’s accounts were interpreted as being a result of their mothers’ manipulation. In contrast, fathers were treated as victims of vindictive women who want to keep children to themselves. Men’s violent behaviours were not considered, and their role as fathers was seen as ‘inviolable’. These practices seem to reflect the ‘good-enough father’ approach, according to which the presence of the father is essential for children’s development, regardless of his violent behaviours.     

调神益肾针法对更年期大鼠雌激素效应器官的作用

目的：研究调神益肾针法对更年期雌性大鼠外周经典效应器官－－阴道、子宫形态功能活动的影响。方法：用巴氏染色观察阴道脱落细胞，用苏木精－伊红染色结合计算机图像处理观察子宫组织结构。结果：调神益肾针法能使原停留在间情期的更期大鼠重新出现典型的动情期阴道细胞涂片，子宫内膜萎缩性变化有所减轻，腺体增多，腺上皮细胞功能活跃。结论：调神益肾针法可改善雌激素效应器官异常的形态功能活动。     

肺气虚证模型豚鼠肺功能与血气分析的变化

目的:观测肺气虚证模型豚鼠肺功能与血气分析的变化。方法:采用卵白蛋白(OVA)复制哮喘模型并加以改良法,建立肺气虚证模型豚鼠;对正常对照组(对照组)、肺气虚证模型组(模型组)两组动物进行肺功能与血气分析的检测。结果:与对照组比较,模型组肺功能指标吸气阻力(Ri)与呼气阻力(Re)均显著增加,第0.3秒用力呼气容积(FEV0.3)及肺顺应性(Cldyn)下降,血气分析中氧分压(pO2)、氧饱和度(SaO2)及酸碱值(pH)降低,而二氧化碳分压(pCO2)则升高。结论:肺气虚证有一定的肺功能损害,并呈现低氧与高碳酸血症。     

婴幼儿猝死综合征心传导系统的免疫组化研究

作者应用ＰＧＰ９．５与抗Ｓ１００抗体和高压消毒蒸锅抗原复活技术对４例婴幼儿猝死综合征（ＳＩＤＳ）和３例非心源性死亡对照婴儿心传导系统的神经组织总量进行免疫组化研究。结果：在正常婴儿心传导系统，ＰＧＰ９．５与Ｓ１００阳性的神经纤维里不均匀分布，以窦房结最多，房室结次之，希氏束最少；４例ＳＩＤＳ心传导系统的神经组织分布同对照组无明显差异。     

Floppy aortic valve presenting as sudden death

A previously healthy 34-year-old Dutch immigrant to Australia died unexpectedly in his sleep. At autopsy the only significant finding was a floppy aortic valve (FAV). Histologic, histochemical and electron microscopic studies corroborated the macroscopic diagnosis. Previously described associations of the FAV include the floppy mitral valve, Marfan's syndrome, aortic root dilatation and aortic cystic medial necrosis. None of these features were found in the present case which is the first recorded example of isolated FAV presenting as sudden death. The mechanism of death is obscure, and while it is presumed to be dysrhythmic, a detailed histological examination of the cardiac conducting system revealed no anatomic abnormality.     

婴儿急死综合征(SIDS)颈动脉体的超微结构

作者利用透射电镜对8例婴儿急死综合征死亡及4例其他原因死亡的婴儿的颈动脉体进行观察。发现婴儿急死综合征与非婴儿急死综合征死亡的婴儿,其颈动脉体的主细胞形态结构相似。两组检材的主细胞内均含大量致密颗粒,其大小及数量无明显不同。认为有必要进一步应用生化技术对婴儿急死综合征颈动脉体主细胞中致密颗粒物质进行定性和定量研究。