Linking local rice processors’ access to rural radio,gender, and livelihoods in Benin

In a context of low literacy rates and a high level of rurality, the use of rural radio in agricultural extension is a method that can bridge the gap that exists between researchers, extension workers, and farmers. This article examines the level of farmers’ access to rural radio in relation to gender and livelihoods. The study was conducted in Benin with 18 rural radio stations and 240 rice processors, using the sustainable livelihoods framework to examine the relationship between access to rural radio and livelihoods. Although the study cannot draw conclusions on causal relationships, rice processors who often listened to agricultural broadcasts had better social, financial, and human capital stocks compared to those who did not. Despite the efforts of 72% of the radio stations to link up with extension services, half of the rice processors rarely or never listened to agricultural broadcasts, because the timing of the broadcasts was inappropriate. Interactive radio sessions with farmers that involve government officials will need to address this if they are to become more effective.     

论社会的科技化与治安防范的科技化

科学技术作为一种积极的生产力,直接或间接地改变着社会的政治、经济结构,改变着人类的生活方式和思想观念.我们应当将先进的科学技术运用到治安防范中去,争取早日使治安防范科技化、高效化.     

The probative character of Forensic Handwriting Examiners’ identification and elimination opinions on questioned signatures

This 5-year study investigated the character of Forensic Handwriting Examiners’ (FHEs) authorship opinions on questioned signatures through the medium of blind validation trials. Twenty-nine thousand eight hundred and eleven authorship opinions were expressed by FHEs on trial kits comprising randomized questioned genuine signatures (written by the specimen writer), disguised signatures (written by the specimen writer) and simulated signatures (not written by the specimen writer). Results showed that, as a group, FHEs were significantly more confident at identifying writers’ genuine signatures than identifying writers’ disguised signatures or eliminating specimen writers from having authored simulated signatures. It is proposed that the difference in FHE confidence arises from the difficulty they have in deciding which alternative authorship explanation accounts for perceived combinations of similar and dissimilar features between specimen and questioned signatures.     

网络对民主的影响及其对策分析

网络作为一种新的传播媒介在政治领域的广泛运用,对民主政治的发展具有积极的促进作用,同时也不可避免地产生了一系列消极影响。在网络时代,政府应采取有效措施,营造健康、文明的网络环境,引导公众有序利用网络参与政治,使民主朝着科学、理性的方向发展。     

大连市领导干部科技素质的调查报告

《中共中央国务院关于加速科学技术进步的决定》中明确指出：“各级领导干部，特别是党政主要领导干部，要带头学习现代科学技术知识，增强科技意识，善于用科学态度、科学的思想和方法处理问题，提高驾驭现代经济建设和科技发展的能力”。中宣部、国家科委和中国科协联合发出的《关于加强科普工作的通知》中也强调：领导干部是科普工作的重点对象。为此，我们设计了问卷，对大连市领导干部的基本科技素养情况进行了调查，为把领导干部的培训工作推向一个新的高度提供思路和依据。 一、对科技政策的理解掌握情况 领导干部对党和政府的科技政…     

对中国大陆投资中日台合作的原因、形式、趋势与问题

随着投资竞争的日趋激烈,与相对势单力薄的独立投资相比,优势互补的合作投资模式越来越受到重视,日台在大陆的投资合作就是这样的案例。本文分析了前者的技术优势如何与后者的销售优势充分结合,从而起到扩大投资效果的作用。结论部分指出,日台优势互补合作虽然实现了双方的利益目标,但要进一步深化合作,仍然存在交流渠道与信息的不足,规模、领域的不对称和不同的技术与市场需求等合作障碍。     

Participatory risk assessment: a new approach for safer food in vulnerable African communities

Women play the major role in food supply in developing countries, but too often their ability to feed their families properly is compromised; the result is high levels of food-borne disease and consequent limited access to higher-value markets. We argue that risk-based approaches – current best practice for managing food safety in developed countries – require adaptation to the difficult context of informal markets. We suggest participatory research and gender analysis as boundary-spanning mechanisms, bringing communities and food-safety implementers together to analyse food-safety problems and develop workable solutions. Examples show how these methodologies can contribute to operationalising risk-based approaches in urban settings and to the development of a new approach to assessing and managing food safety in poor countries, which we call ‘participatory risk analysis’.     

论技术理性与当代中国科技立法

在现代社会 ,法律作为社会关系的调整器 ,应体现科学精神与人文精神的结合。既顺应技术发展潮流 ,吸纳技术发展成果 ,适时对技术进步带来的社会关系的变化进行调整 ;同时又高度重视对人的存在价值的关怀 ,关注人的发展的长远利益。应当把可持续发展作为当代中国科技立法的核心理念。     

入世与企业创新

中国入世标志着中国经济运行的基本规则将与国际经济体系直接衔接,中国经济体制将同市场经济体制全面接轨。中国企业为适应即将变化的环境,迅速提升自身的竞争力,必须进行观念、制度、管理、技术等全方位的创新。     

基因科技的法律问题研究——“发明”基因?“发现”基因?

发明和发现是专利法理论中的两个概念,一般认为,发明指的是设计和制造前所未有的东西;发现则是揭示出已有的,但人们尚不知道的东西。随着基因科技的发展,人们对是否应授予基因专利争论的沸沸扬扬,其焦点主要在于对基因属于发现还是发明认识不一。通过比较和分析各方观点,我们认为在对待基因是否具有可专利性时,应淡化发明与发现的区别,而专注与实质性审查。