Study on the tracking revision history of MS Word files for forensic investigation

Document forensics remains an important field of digital forensics. To date, previously existing methods focused on the last saved version of the document file stored on the PC; however, the drawback of this approach is that this provides no indication as to how the contents have been modified. This paper provides a novel method for document forensics based on tracking the revision history of a Microsoft Word file. The proposed method concentrates on the TMP file created when the author saves the file and the ASD file created periodically by Microsoft Word during editing. A process whereby the revision history lists are generated based on metadata of the Word, TMP, and ASD files is presented. Furthermore, we describe a technique developed to link the revision history lists based on similarity. These outcomes can provide considerable assistance to a forensic investigator trying to establish the extent to which document file contents have been changed and when the file was created, modified, deleted, and copied.     

论行政规定在行政诉讼中的效力

在现行法律体制下,行政规定不属于法律渊源,不是行政诉讼中法院必须适用的法律依据。但行政规定是行政机关作出行政行为的依据,在现实社会中具有重要的规范功能。在行政诉讼中,法院对行政规定既不能完全抛开,又不能完全信任。为了回应社会现实,应当在形式法治的框架内,融入部分实质法治的要素,附条件地承认行政规定的效力,并由法院依照这些条件和规则予以审查。     

汉代《西域传》书写模式的形成浅析

从商代到东汉,华夏族群①的西部边界呈逐渐西移的趋势。两汉时期的西域,已经达到汉朝移民所能生存的生态极限和汉朝政权行政力量控制的极限。但为了抵御来自北方匈奴人的压力,汉朝极力突破这条客观存在的界限。在这个政治因素的推动下,汉朝形成了独特的西域历史记忆,并用《西域传》的方式被历代中央王朝所继承,维系并巩固了西域与中原王朝的统一。     

“裁判文书网上公开”的三个隐忧

一般认为,裁判文书的公开是司法民主理念的要求,它不仅有利于建立＂阳光司法＂,也能保障公民的知情权与监督权。并且,在互联网时代,裁判文书网上公开成为必然趋势。但是,在当前的社会环境与制度背景下,将裁判文书在网上予以全面公开尚且存在隐忧,主要涉及理念碰撞、司法性质追问、社会实效等具体问题。     

文书写作中模糊语言的使用

在公安文书写作中,不仅需要确定性语言,同样需要运用无法确定其外延的模糊性语言。模糊语言有其特征和不可替代的作用,在公安文书的写作中应根据具体情况,恰当使用模糊语言,使公安文书正确地反映客观事实,发挥其应有的作用。     

Use of lycode powders for the examination of documents partially written with erasable ball point pen inks

It was discovered by change that lycode powders adhere to erasable ball point pen ink strokes. A study of this phenomenon was carried out to determine what type of inks reacts physically with lycode powders. A further evaluation was made to learn if this effect continued after the erasable ink became indelible. It was also found that obliterated erasable ball point pen ink can be read by applying lycode powders and that the powders react in a similar way with typewriting from a conventional inked typewriter ribbon. Treatment in this case is completely non-destructive since the lycode powder can be wiped off the paper surface.     

女性写作的困境--论田村俊子的《女作者》

活跃在明治末年至大正时期日本文坛之上的女性作家田村俊子，站在日本近代女性写作的源头，通过《女作者》一文淋漓尽致地塑造了一位为写作而殚精竭虑、痛苦煎熬的“女作者”的生动形象。在本论中，笔者通过细读文本，从“写作”与“表演”的时代共性这一新的视角切入，将重点放在“女作者”的创作过程和其作品的文体特征，并将同时代的文坛、社会背景等纳入视野之中，来探讨“女作者”是如何在男性作家群中发出自己的声音，进而论证作为发声主体的“女作者”在写作上的局限性和打开写作困境的可能性。     

输入和输出理论在高职英语写作教学中的应用

目前高职英语写作课多数强调应用文及应试议论文的教学,不能真正提高学生的英语表达能力。在高职英语写作教学中应用输入和输出理论,平衡输入和输出,可以打破沉闷的课堂气氛和被动的学习方式,切实增强学生的英语表达思维和语言能力。     

El requerimiento notarial y su contestación como título ejecutivo del crédito: la confesión extrajudicial de la deuda

Requirement out of courtesy can come true for the creditor for legal process or out-of-court. The out-of-court reclamation he must get along well, in principle, like any halfback For the fact that the creditor demand the fulfillment to the debtor of his obligation to be this one defeated, liquid and exigible. He is interesting to the ends of our discourse in this order to pass remarks on the previous paths to claim payment of what they owe to us, doing especial emphasis in the notarial requisite and his plausible and ulterior executive property, in the event the creditor not see satisfied his credit for this form of reclamation and find himself specified to resort to legal action; When to become converted the act of requisite in half probatory term of possible extrajudicial confession of debt, SFA expressed or tacit, susceptible of immediate judicial execution.     

A U.N. Convention to Regulate PMSCs?

Abstract

In the last 20 years the ruthless competition for natural resources, political instability, armed conflicts, and the terrorist attacks of 9/11 have paved the way for private military and security companies (PMSCs) to operate in areas which were until recently the preserve of the state. PMSCs, less regulated than the toy industry, commit grave human rights violations with impunity. The United Nations has elaborated an international binding instrument to regulate their activities but the opposition of the U.S., U.K., and other Western governments—and from PMSCs, which prefer self-regulation—have prevented any advancement.