New formulae for estimating age-at-death in the Balkans utilizing Lamendin's dental technique and Bayesian analysis

The present study analyzed apical translucency and periodontal recession on single-rooted teeth in order to generate age-at-death estimations using two inverse calibration methods and one Bayesian method. The three age estimates were compared to highlight inherent problems with the inverse calibration methods. The results showed that the Bayesian analysis reduced severity of several problems associated with adult skeletal age-at-death estimations. The Bayesian estimates produced a lower overall mean error, a higher correlation with actual age, reduced aging bias, reduced age mimicry, and reduced the age ranges associated with the most probable age as compared to the inverse calibration methods for this sample. This research concluded that periodontal recession cannot be used as a univariate age indicator, due to its low correlation with chronological age. Apical translucency yielded a high correlation with chronological age and was concluded to be an important age indicator. The Bayesian approach offered the most appropriate statistical analysis for the estimation of age-at-death with the current sample.     

统一领导与分级管理:中央政府能力悖论的一个解释框架

中国政治生活中存在着一系列看似矛盾的基本事实:中央既强大、又脆弱;中央权力既是保障公民正常生活的中流砥柱,又是"遥远的权威".求解上述悖论有利于抓住维护国家统一与激发地方活力的"黄金分割点".这需要反思和超越已有研究方法,从概念和理论导向走向实践导向.深入考察中国政府体制的特殊经验,可以发现包括上述悖论在内的很多政治现...     

四级两审制的发生和演化

司法体制改革的一个重要举措是设立最高人民法院巡回法庭,这一改革举措可能意味着我国法院层级或审级变化的新动向.从建国以来的历史经验看,法院层级和审级变化并非彼此孤立,且都从属于国家政治形态设计.1954年中共中央取消大区分院,促动了法院审级由三审制改为两审制.两审制带来的法院功能和案负变化,导致中级人民法院层级的设立.为了保障四级两审制平滑运作,民事调解制度扩大,基层法院派出法庭普遍设立.这一法院层级和审级制度的设立,契合了扩大省级地方权力的政治目标.1983年以来“地改市”运动、民事调解制度的萎缩以及撤销部分派出法庭,使得四级两审制的基础发生松动,法院层级和审级方面的新变化由此产生.     

Modeling Bone Surface Morphology: A Fully Quantitative Method for Age‐at‐Death Estimation Using the Pubic Symphysis

The pubic symphysis is widely used in age estimation for the adult skeleton. Standard practice requires the visual comparison of surface morphology against criteria representing predefined phases and the estimation of case‐specific age from an age range associated with the chosen phase. Known problems of method and observer error necessitate alternative tools to quantify age‐related change in pubic morphology. This paper presents an objective, fully quantitative method for estimating age‐at‐death from the skeleton, which exploits a variance‐based score of surface complexity computed from vertices obtained from a scanner sampling the pubic symphysis. For laser scans from 41 modern American male skeletons, this method produces results that are significantly associated with known age‐at‐death (RMSE = 17.15 years). Chronological age is predicted, therefore, equally well, if not, better, with this robust, objective, and fully quantitative method than with prevailing phase‐aging systems. This method contributes to forensic casework by responding to medico‐legal expectations for evidence standards.     

Marxism and the vernacular revolutionary traditions

ABSTRACT

Marxism has been the name increasingly given by friend and foe to contemporary radical revolutionary movements in the last couple of centuries. That opens the seldom-asked question, what about the radical revolutionary movements and ideas which could not be so described? For them the collective term often used negatively was ‘vulgar’, or, less negative but still unacceptable to Marxists, ‘utopian’ and ‘vernacular’. That last turn indicated spontaneous radicalism of the lower classes, which lack the incise language (polish?) of academic debate. The Oxford Dictionary defines ‘vernacular’ as the ‘language spoken in particular area by a particular group especially one that is not the official or written language’. It introduced often a history-passed-and-third-worldly accentuation. Experience has shown that most effective revolutionary movements were led by a group representing a mixture (interdependence?) of Marxism with vernacular radicalism, often described as Marxism with a ‘xxxx’ face (Chinese or Czechoslovak or something else). One can even conclude that for Marxism to make way it must link with radical local tradition, definitely not-Marxist. Moreover, it doesn’t quite ‘work’ singly, for its success depends on the mixture of Marxism and non-Marxism. It seems that particular role in that confrontation is defined by a conceptual (ideological?) set of collectively dominant ideas or ‘idols’. If so, a major blocking force to the advance of Marxist movements is, on top of the power of the existing state and political economy, some prevailing ideological elements accepted by the ‘masses’ since the Second International. Those would be ‘purism’, ‘scientism’, ‘progressivism’ and ‘statism’. We shall eventually touch in that context on supporting the revolutionary vernacular of the People’s Will party of Russia, its implications and its relations to Marx’s own Marxism.     

人,一种追求意义的存在--弗兰克尔意义疗法述评

弗兰克尔意义疗法强调生活是有意义的;人有追求意义的意志;人有行使意义意志的自由。当这种追求意义的意志受到挫折时,有可能导致某种神经官能症。意义治疗就是要通过引导病人发现生活的意义达到治疗的目的。矛盾意向和去反思是意义治疗常用的技术。     

对当前公安机关基层所队思想政治工作的思考

当前警营内外的客观形势和民警队伍的思想状况发生着深刻的变化,公安机关基层所队思想政治工作必须主动调整,积极应对。正确分析公安机关基层所队思想政治工作面临的问题,摆脱过去一些陈旧观念和做法的束缚和制约,切实增强新形势下思想政治工作的针对性,对于提高公安机关基层所队凝聚力和战斗力具有不可或缺的重要作用。     

省以下垂直领导机关的行政复议管辖权评析

对省以下垂直领导机关作出的具体行政行为的复议管辖权问题,《行政复议法》没有作出明确规定。理论上对此存有争论,实践中的做法也不统一,《行政复议法实施条例》的有关规定,在一定程度上为解决这一问题提供了法律依据,但仍存有遗留问题,为此,建议对《行政复议法实施条例》第24条的规定作出法律解释或予以修改。     

“最多跑一地”背景下地方治理标准化建设研究——以“龙山经验”为例

文章以浙江省永康市基层治理“龙山经验”为研究样本,探索构建地方治理标准化体系,通过提取重要建设指标,最终从治理理念、治理目标、治理路径、运行机制等方面形成“龙山经验”标准化体系。同时运用因子分析法对“龙山经验”标准推广与运用效果进行评估,从中提取了19个因子指标进行因子分析,认为群众参与、矛盾纠纷调处化解中心规范化建设因子是影响基层治理有效性的重要指标。     

论县级市政府职能转变的制约因素

本从县级市政府职能转变的现状入手,多角度、多方位地分析了影响县级市政府职能转变的诸因素,并扼要指出目前应采取的对策和措施。