Psychological Abuse and Depressive Symptoms in Dating Women: Do Different Types of Abuse Have Differential Effects?

The purpose of the current study was to examine potential differential effects of two forms of psychological abuse, emotional/verbal and dominance/isolation, on women's depressive symptoms. It was expected that emotional/verbal abuse would have a direct impact on both concurrent and prospective depressive symptoms among dating women. In contrast, it was expected that the depressogenic effect of dominance/isolation abuse would be moderated by level of perceived interpersonal control. Women who perceived themselves to have high levels of interpersonal control were hypothesized to be less negatively affected by partner dominance/isolation behaviors than their low control counterparts. Although the effects of both types of abuse on concurrent depressive symptoms were relatively weak, more robust longitudinal effects were found. Emotional/ verbal abuse at Time 1 did not predict Time 2 depressive symptoms after controlling for depressive symptoms at Time 1. In contrast, dominance/isolation abuse at Time 1 significantly predicted increases in depressive symptoms over time, and this effect was moderated by level of perceived interpersonal control in the expected direction. Implications for future research and clinical intervention/prevention efforts are discussed.     

汽车排气污染防治重点对策研究

针对北京市汽车排气污染状况,借鉴国外汽车排放控制经验,就汽车排放控制中的新车排放控制、在用车排放控制、改进车用燃料品质以及改善交通、发展公共电汽车等几项重点对策进行了分析讨论。     

Parental and Peer Influences on Adolescent Drug Use in Korea

The analysis and findings reported here are from a self-report questionnaire survey of a sample of 1,035 high school students in Pusan, a metropolitan area of South Korea. Multiple regression and path analyses reveal that, for all types of drug behavior among these adolescents, the influence of parental variables was generally less than the influence of the peer variables. Even in South Korean society, where the stability and authority of the family is greater than in American society, peers have a greater influence than do parents on adolescents’ engaging in or refraining from deviant behavior. The findings conform more to the expectations of social learning theory than to those of social bonding theory, and generally replicate findings from research on adolescent drug use in the United States. Further research is clearly needed, but the findings here suggest that the social processes of substance use among adolescents and the theoretical explanations focusing on those processes are not confined to western societies.

我国古代申诉制度之演进及现代影响

申诉制度是中华法文化中极具特色的一项制度。中国传统的申诉制度源于西周,终结于清代的京控,经过历朝历代的发展、演变,具有三种基本表现形式。这些制度对中国现代的申诉、上访制度有着深远的影响。     

Understanding the Structure of a Large Heroin Distribution Network: A Quantitative Analysis of Qualitative Data

An analysis is reported of 2,408 wiretap conversations gathered in the course of prosecuting a heroin dealing organization in New York City in the 1990s. The five-step analysis, which included a social network analysis of phone contacts, revealed a large, loosely structured group of 294 individuals, most of whom had very limited contacts with others in the group. The group’s active core comprised 38 individuals with extended contacts, little status differentiation and some task specialization. A smaller more tightly connected group of 22 individuals was somewhat independent of the remainder of the core and appeared to constitute a “communal business”. The existence was not confirmed of the large criminal conspiracy described by the prosecution that operated at all levels of trafficking and dealing, from wholesale distribution to street sales. Rather, it appeared that the 294 individuals comprised one segment of the heroin market in the city. However, the discrepancy could be due to the fact that the prosecution drew upon a wider set of information about the individuals concerned than provided by the wiretap data. The study supports recent analyses that see organized crimes, such as drug trafficking, as mostly the work of small groups of loosely linked entrepreneurs rather than large, highly structured criminal syndicates.

格式合同的立法规制

作为当今社会最为普遍的一种交易形式,格式合同堪称为利弊并存的“双刃剑”。一方面,格式合同因具有满足经济生活的明显优势而被市场主体广泛采用;另一方面,在合同实践中,使用人以不公平条款损害相对人利益的现象比较严重,因此,需加强对格式合同的规制,以维护合同正义。而立法规制是行政规制和司法规制的前提和依据,在格式合同的规制体系中居于基础性的地位。在我国,尽管《合同法》、《消费者权益保护法》等法律中规定有格式合同的内容,但这些规定比较粗疏、笼统,缺乏系统性和可操作性,有待于进一步修改、补充和完善。     

中国转轨时期经济运行特点探析

从20世纪80年代后期我国由计划经济向市场经济转轨以来,在短短十几年经济运行过程中,不同阶段表现出了不同的特点。对这些特点及其原因进行分析,探究其内在规律,有利于更好地促进我国经济快速、协调和可持续发展。     

日本的毒品现状及相关对策

药物滥用是伴随着日本的社会环境的改变而发展变化的,近年来这种变化更为急速而多样.1997年日本迎来了药物滥用的最高峰,称为第三次滥用高峰期.对此,日本政府在1998年制定了"滥用防止五年战略"并加以推进,1998年至2002年五年间收到了一定的成效,但还未达到明显减少的程度.因此,又在2003年制定了"防止药物滥用新五年战略".相关的禁毒组织也采取了一定的对策.     

The role of social media in freeing Botswana from state control of the media

This paper argues that social media is important in any state which claims to be a democracy and that failure to have robust media involvement in the democratic process is likely to jeopardise democratic principles. Although Botswana has been crowned as a successful story of African democracy over time, it is argued here that she is a liberal democracy marred by some shortcomings – especially those that have to do with government-media relations. The paper contends that the media (both government and private) is an indisputable partner in the deliberative democratic process, which should be nurtured and celebrated. A case is made that relations between the Botswana government and the country's media houses has of late become hostile, as evidenced by the arrests and detentions of journalists. Premised on deliberative democratic theory, the article argues that a state which claims to be democratic, such as Botswana, needs to respect basic fundamental principles of democracy, such as freedom of the press.