The Narrow Margins of the Dutch Drug Policy: A Cost-Benefit Analysis

In order to introduce more structure to the debate it seems worthwhile to make a rough cost-benefit analysis of the probable effects of the Dutch drug policy in various areas. A multi-disciplinary analysis of this nature makes it possible to bring together the arguments put forward by the protagonists from various perspectives and to some extent balance them against each other. In a traditional cost-benefit analysis the anticipated effects are assessed in financial terms. This is only possible to a very limited extent when it comes to drug policy. The article is limited to cataloguing as fully as possible the most significant pros and cons of the Dutch drug policy found in the literature on the subject. As a conclusion attention is paid to whether changes such as decriminalisation or re-criminalisation of drug use will yield a better cost-benefit analysis against the background of this overview.     

Vulnerable warriors: the atmospheric marketing of military and policing equipment before and after 9/11

In this article, we analyse changes in the circulation of advertisements of policing products at security expos between 1995 and 2013. While the initial aim of the research was to evidence shifts in terrorist frames in the marketing of policing equipment before and after 9/11, our findings instead suggested that what we are seeing is the rise of marketing to police as “vulnerable warriors”, law enforcement officers in need of military weapons both for their offensive capabilities and for the protection they can offer to a police force that is always under threat.     

计算机网络犯罪的侦查与防控探析

信息技术的广泛应用,推动着社会的发展,人类的进步。然而,利用计算机网络犯罪的现象也相伴而生。近年来,各类重特大案件中涉及到计算机网络也越来越多,如何遏制利用计算机网络犯罪,已是世界各国共同面临的新的突出问题。公安机关计算机网络犯罪侦查部门和相关领域的专家、学者也都在着力于研究网络犯罪的侦查措施和如何防控。     

夫妻财产和债务关系的解构与重构——以《民法典》第1062-1065条的解释论为中心

对于夫妻债务问题而言,原《婚姻法解释二》第24条所体现的"推定论"与指导《民法典》第1064条第2款立法的"用途论"均非妥当的应对策略,切合实际的治本之道只能是实现夫妻对外责任财产的有效区隔。为此起见,针对民法典相关规定的解释论应当严格区分作为夫妻内部财产关系的"抽象财产价值"划分问题与作为夫妻外部财产关系的民商财产权归属问题,并以"财产权表面归属原则"所认可的公示和类公示规则充任后一问题的解决指南。唯有首先满足这些前提,并辅之以债权人撤销权等配套制度,夫妻之间方有可能最终达致"共债共签、各债各偿"的理想状态。     

Impurities,adulterants and cutting agents in cocaine as potential candidates for retrospective mining of GC-MS data

Cocaine is one of the most widely used illicit drugs worldwide. Cocaine powders seized by the Police may contain numerous other substances besides the drug itself. These can be impurities originating from the coca plant or the production process, or be purposely added to the drug formulation as adulterants and cutting agents. In forensic laboratories, identification of cocaine is routinely done through GC-MS analysis, but other components are often ignored even if the method allows for their detection. Yet, they can provide valuable insight into the history of a seizure and its potential connection to other samples. To explore this idea, an extensive review of common impurities and adulterants encountered in cocaine is presented. Based on their incidence, concentration in the end product and compatibility with GC-MS methods, their overall usefulness as candidates for the statistical investigation of existing forensic data is evaluated. The impurities cis- and trans-cinnamoylcocaine, tropacocaine, norcocaine and N-benzoylnormethylecgonine as well as the adulterants lidocaine, procaine, tetracaine, benzocaine, caffeine, acetylsalicylic acid, phenacetin, ibuprofen, levamisole, hydroxyzine and diltiazem are promising candidates to provide additional forensic intelligence. Future research on optimized routine GC-MS methods, signal reproducibility, comparison, statistics and databases is suggested to facilitate this concept. Ultimately, such an approach may significantly advance the amount of information that is extracted from routine casework data, elucidate developments in the cocaine markets in the past and facilitate Police work in the future. Preliminary assessment of existing data from the forensic laboratory of the Amsterdam Police has been included to show that the detection of the identified target impurities is feasible, and that small adjustments to the analysis method could significantly increase the detectability of these analytes in prospective drug screenings. Forensic intelligence based on retrospective data mining of cocaine containing casework samples may thus be realized with minimal additional laboratory efforts by using already available instrumentation, samples and data.     

Ethnic Migration and Crime

Are the concepts and practical recommendations offered in the works of Western authors for tackling the problem of migration-related crime applicable to Russian realities?     

公立高校廉政风险防控机制建设：意义、现状与展望

建设公立高校廉政风险防控机制,既是新时期我国反腐斗争新形势下的必然要求,也是保护高校的办学自主权,促进公立高校健康发展的需要。现阶段,各公立高校的廉政风险防控机制建设工作已经取得了一定的进展,但是同时也存在着一些问题,如部分公立高校的教职人员对高校构建廉政风险防控机制工作的认识存在偏差、对风险点的查找缺乏权威监督、防控措施存在不足等。高校廉政风险防控机制建设今后应以制度建设为基本路径,以国家相关法律制度的落实和配套为依托,以建立现代大学制度为根本保证。     

我国房地产调控政策目标的选择与平衡

"高烧不退"的房地产市场已经成为我国经济社会健康发展的"重负"。尽管中央政府针对高房价展开了"暴风骤雨"般的密集调控,然而房地产调控政策的整体效果并不理想,社会上甚至形成了一种"越调越涨"的心理预期。我国房地产调控之所以陷入"越调越涨"的怪圈中,行政体制不合理是其外部制约因素,而房地产调控政策目标选择和调控方式不当则是政策本身的缺陷。鉴于此,厘清房地产调控政策的基本目标及内涵,根据调控政策环境的变化,科学、灵活地对政策目标进行选择与平衡,是保证房地产政策调控有效性的首要环节和先决条件。     

检察机关对派出所刑事执法监督的法理分析与制度构建

在现今中国的社会转型时期，公安机关的工作重心不断下移，公安派出所在刑事执法中的地位和作用越来越凸显。作为国家专门法律监督机关的检察机关，对公安派出所的刑事执法监督却显得软弱无力，甚至缺失。在新形势下，为了延伸监督触角，切实依法履行好法律监督职能，对公安派出所实施动态监督极为必要；我们应当借鉴成熟法治国家侦检关系的有益经验，对公安派出所刑事执法监督存在的主要问题进行剖析，以期构建起派出所刑事执法监督的新制度。     

契约自治与管制

契约自由是私法自治的基础,而为私法自治中最重要的一项原则,契约自由又称为契约自治,借由契约自治产生福祉,原则上符合公共利益,因此,法制上采取契约自由原则。然而契约自治有不完美处,包括独占、公共财、外部性和公平性的情形,无法借由契约自治达到福祉极大,因而有必要借由司法裁判和行政机关对契约加以管制,可是管制也有成本,包括制度的成本、牺牲效率及其他(如贪污腐化)的成本。因此契约自治与管制应取得平衡,将契约自治仍作为契约法原则,管制则以必要为限,限于管制所促成的利益多于管制的成本的情形。