行政裁量概念探讨

行政裁量从其本源来看是法定的行政主体对法律规范中列举的不同行政权利的行政方式进行衡量比较,从而选择出一种最佳的行使方式。行政裁量的过程也就是行政主体选择的过程。行政裁量权和行政裁量是两个不同的法律概念,行政裁量权是法律赋予行政机关对如何行使行政权力进行选择的权力,行政裁量是行政机关运用行政裁量权进行的选择活动,两者属于不同的行政法学范畴。     

Success in slow motion: The Europeanization of Romanian child protection policy

This paper analyzes the influence of the European Union (EU) through a qualitative case study of child protection policy in Romania. This is a particularly tough case for the growing “Europeanization” literature. Prior research has called attention to several factors that promote Europeanization, including the presence of a pro-reform domestic coalition, the clarity and consistency of the EU’s own legislative targets, a state’s own prior involvement in the setting of European standards, a strong consensus among EU member states backing the European position, and strong non-European support for EU initiatives. According to these propositions, Romanian child protection seemed to provide a worst case scenario for Europeanization, as initially none of these conditions held. And yet the paper shows that substantial Europeanization occurred anyway. We argue that the EU experienced a very slow start with Romania but that it cultivated an opposition that responded to EU initiatives when that opposition took power. Moreover, the EU found three “workarounds” to the obstacles just noted: it asserted legislative targets it did not possess itself, invented new policy tools, and drew protection for its most controversial policy from another international organization, the ECHR. Our central theoretical claim is that external pressure requires internal accommodation in order to have lasting effects. The claim has important implications for the diffusion and conditionality debates.

欧亚经济联盟内部与外部分工网络的基本特征及其影响因素分析

欧亚经济联盟作为一个经济一体化组织,在2015年成立之后获得了较快的发展。依照区域与全球生产分工网络的理论和社会网络分析法得出,在欧亚经济联盟内部生产分工方面,欧亚经济联盟已形成了以俄罗斯为核心、具有一定规模和深度的生产分工网络,但分工层次与水平不高,且成员国对联盟内部贸易依赖性相对较小。在联盟外部生产分工网络中,欧亚经济联盟仅仅在初级产品贸易网络中处于核心地位,在零部件、半成品与最终品贸易网络中仅处于半边缘或边缘地位,产业链分工水平较低,这是由各成员国的比较优势、要素禀赋与经济结构所决定的。分析表明,欧亚经济联盟的内部生产分工存在局限性,而分工地位与产业链水平的提升关键在于培育产业基础能力和增强产业国际竞争力,实现“一带一盟”对接则可以为欧亚经济联盟实现上述目标增添新的动力与活力。     

推行社会化警察勤务构筑现代海港边检警务机制

转制后的边检勤务模式大致经历了三个阶段的发展,不同的勤务模式表现出相同的不足.对边检勤务体制的改革,应从边检工作长期发展的立足点出发,坚持与时俱进,拓宽管理渠道,丰富管理手段,变静态监管为动态监管,变微观的码头控制为宏观的社区控制,建立社会化边检警察勤务,构筑现代海港边检警务机制.     

街面动态治安防控的内涵及方略

构建“动态治安”的社会防控体系已成为当前警务改革的必然趋势。为此,必须在明确街面　　动态治安的概念、内涵以及分析我们在打击现行犯罪工作中存在的问题的基础上,从接处警机制、巡逻　　策略和技能培训等方面来强化街面动态治安防控体系,以提高打击现行犯罪的能力。     

East Meets West in Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorist Finance: Policy Dialogue and Differentiation on Security, the Timber Trade and ‘Alternative’ Banking

This paper compares and contrasts South East Asian and European Union countries’ perceptions of the priorities for anti money laundering (AML) and anti terrorist finance (ATF) in relation to three industries: security goods and services; the timber trade; and ‘informal’ value transfer and banking services. It might be expected that all countries would equally support each of these aspects of AML/ATF policies, without differentiating between the industries generating the proceeds. As this paper will show, however, historical experiences, contemporary political relations and patterns of trade shape countries’ approaches, resulting in distinctive enthusiasms and reservations. In a nutshell, the EU points most strongly to products and services originating in Asia as posing AML/CTF risks, and locates primary responsibility for monitoring and control as falling within Asia - a projection of risk and responsibility that is reciprocated by Asian countries. Asian countries perceive a need for tighter control of dangerous products exported by the west, for example, small arms and light weapons, and of related money laundering circuits. Asian and European policy makers increasingly articulate concerns over illegal logging and related laundering, however European importers and their governments see responsibilities for this as falling primarily within Asia. Finally, the EU (like the US) perceives high levels of laundering risk in ‘informal’ value transfer/banking services, in which Asian-run businesses have a global competitive advantage. For the future, as the international balance of trade shifts, and as Asia increases its influence in international fora including those concerned with AML/CTF, so the region’s policy preferences may be expected to carry more weight.

社会网络的动态过程及理论探索

本论文关注社会网络研究经常被忽视的一个层面,即社会网络的动态过程。在对相关理论的批判性回顾基础上,提出了一个整合结构、文化与个人能动性的理论框架以全面洞察个人的社会网络在社会文化脉络下的动态变化。     

坚持以人为本，做好改制企业工会工作

改制后的企业工会,更应以人为本,代表并维护好职工利益,做好各项工作。     

工会依法维护困难职工群体合法权益责无旁贷

当前,把困难职工群体作为维护和服务的主要对象,是工会服务于党的中心任务的需要,是工会义不容辞的责任。     

论欧盟法在成员国的适用

欧盟法主要由欧盟与成员国签订的基础性条约、欧盟与第三国或国际组织签订的条约和欧盟通过的条例、指令和决定组成。在欧盟内部,欧盟法可以直接适用,具有直接效力,并处于优先地位。欧盟法与成员国法的关系既不同于国际法和国内法关系,也不同于联邦法与成员邦法的关系。欧盟成员国各自适用欧盟法的实践,反映了欧盟法独特的适用方式,表明国际法日益得到普遍的尊重与遵守,主权国家自觉灵活适用国际法以维护国家利益,国际组织在国际法国内适用方面发挥重要作用。这是对现代国际法的丰富与发展。