创伤致休克和多器官功能不全综合征中的细胞凋亡研究

研究创伤致休克和多器官功能不全综合征中的细胞凋亡 ,探讨细胞凋亡在创伤性休克和多器官功能不全综合征中的发生机理及其在法医学上的应用。用TUNEL末端标记、流式细胞仪等方法 ,对广泛软组织挫伤死亡尸解15例的肝、肾、心、脑等组织进行凋亡检测。其中因创伤性休克死亡 10例 ;因MODS死亡 5例。TUNEL末端标记法检测 :创伤休克组肝、肾、心、脑的细胞凋亡指数 (AI)明显高于对照组 ;创伤MODS组肝、肾、心、脑的细胞凋亡指数 (AI)明显高于创伤休克组和对照组 ,经统计学处理有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。流式细胞仪检测 :创伤休克组肝、肾、心、脑的凋亡峰值分别为 2 0 3 %、 19 1%、 18 6 %、 30 0 % ;创伤MODS组肝、肾、心、脑的凋亡峰值分别为 42 2 %、 45 1%、 39 7%、 6 2 9%。创伤致休克和MODS死亡人体尸解器官中细胞凋亡增多。     

社会冲突的双重功能

社会冲突存在于每一个社会中,辩证地认识社会冲突的功能具有重要的理论意义和实践意义.社会冲突具有双重功能一方面,它能促进社会发展,加强群体和社会的整合,发挥社会安全阀的作用;另一方面,它又损失社会资源,破坏社会秩序,伤害社会心理,产生社会问题.     

When Two Isn’t Better Than One: Predictors of Early Sexual Activity in Adolescence Using a Cumulative Risk Model

This study explored factors that may be associated with early initiation of sexual activity among adolescents. Using the cumulative risk model, we hypothesized that as exposure to risk factors increases, so does the likelihood of early sexual debut. A sample of 273 (53% girls, 90% European American) adolescents was followed longitudinally from age 13 to 15. The results indicate that, for girls, increased television viewing, low self-esteem, poor parental relationships, living in a non-intact household, higher levels of externalizing behavior (ADHD symptomology), low academic achievement, and parents with low education levels were associated with earlier sexual debut. For boys, advanced pubertal development, increased television viewing, higher rates of externalizing behaviors (ADHD and ODD symptoms), and poor parental relationships were associated with earlier sexual debut. As hypothesized, predictive power increases with the accumulation of these risks; girls are 1.56 times more likely to become sexually active with an increase of only one risk and boys are 1.90 times more likely.

The Role of Friends in Early Adolescents’ Academic Self-competence and Intrinsic Value for Math and English

In a sample of 207 eighth grade students, we examined similarities between students and their friends in achievement motivation and whether friendship support moderated these associations. Academic self-competence and intrinsic value for math and English were assessed using both perceptions of friends and actual friend reports collected through friend nominations. For both sources of information, there was a stronger positive association between students’ and friends’ academic self-competence when friendships were rated as more supportive. Analyses predicting intrinsic value for math and English provided weaker evidence of an interaction. Comparisons of the students’ perceptions and their friends’ actual reports suggested that students overestimated the degree to which their friends had attitudes similar to their own. Students also perceived that their friends valued academics significantly less than the friends actually reported. Results suggest that both friend and friendship characteristics are important for understanding student achievement motivation.

疏肝益阳胶囊对动脉性勃起功能障碍大鼠性功能及性腺质量的作用

目的 观察中药疏肝益阳胶囊对动脉性勃起功能障碍（arteriogenic erectile dysfunction, AED）模型大鼠性功能及睾丸和附属性腺器官质量的改善作用。 方法 选取3月龄成年雄性SD大鼠50只,采用双侧髂内动脉结扎法复制AED模型。设假手术组、模型组、西地那非组（每日10.5 mg/kg）、疏肝益阳胶囊大剂量组（每日1 g/kg）、疏肝益阳胶囊小剂量组（每日0.5 g/kg）,每组10只,灌胃给药,疗程30 d。行阿朴吗啡（apomorphine, APO）试验检测性功能,取双侧睾丸及附睾、前列腺、精囊腺、球海绵体肌,称湿质量并计算质量系数。结果 APO试验显示疏肝益阳胶囊大、小剂量可显著增加AED大鼠30 min内阴茎勃起次数P<0.01）。疏肝益阳胶囊大、小剂量可显著增加AED大鼠睾丸、附睾、球海绵体肌质量系数（P<0.05）。结论 疏肝益阳胶囊可明显改善AED大鼠的性功能,并可使睾丸及其附属性器官质量系数显著增加。     

补阳还五汤加减联合针刺治疗缺血性脑卒中后肢体运动功能障碍临床观察

目的 观察补阳还五汤加减联合针刺治疗缺血性脑卒中后肢体运动功能障碍的疗效.方法 将64例患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,观察过程中每组均脱落2例,每组最终完成病例数均为30例.在西医基础治疗的同时,治疗组采用补阳还五汤加减联合针刺疗法,对照组采用针刺疗法,每日1次,每周6次,所有患者均接受28 d的治疗.采用中医证候积分评...     

宋濂与戴良友谊变异探微

宋濂与戴良是同乡同门好友,在元末明初的文坛上,他们都有很高的声誉.然而,由于政治立场的不同,他们在元末的社会大动乱中,分别走上了不同的政治道路.由于种种原因,戴良与宋濂的友谊很难维持下去.探讨元末明初同门朋友友谊的变化,可以更加深入地了解当时文人的心态和严酷的生存环境.     

“传染病暴发、流行时”的疫情信息公布义务主体

《传染病防治法》第三十八条第三款中的"授权"并非一般性授权,省级政府卫生行政部门只有在获得具体授权时才能成为"传染病暴发、流行时"的疫情信息公布主体。疫情信息不同于预警信息,因此县级以上地方人民政府并非重大疫情信息的公布义务主体。现行规定存在公布主体层级过高导致信息发布不及时、疫情信息内容不清造成公布主体不明确等问题。应将疫情信息分为传染病的专业化信息、传染病暴发与流行的状态信息、疫情日常信息,分别由国务院卫生行政部门、设区的市级以上人民政府卫生行政部门、县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门公布。     

Godparenthood: driving local solidarity in Northern France in the Early Modern Era. The example of Aubervilliers families in the sixteenth–eighteenth centuries

This article studies the choice of godparents in Aubervilliers, a French catholic rural parish near Paris, during the Early Modern Era. At the turn of the sixteenth century, godparenthood essentially served to extend social ties. Vertical godparenthood was quite visible, at least with regards to ‘elite’ local residents. The shift toward kin godparenthood happened over the long term, with a clear acceleration in the second half of the eighteenth century. A second evolution was the result of the Council of Trent. In the north of France, shifts from the ternary model of godparenthood to the godmother/godfather system at the beginning of the seventeenth century increased the proportion of elites amongst the godparents selected. This would indicate a strengthening of the clientele model of godparenthood in the seventeenth century, as suggested by Alfani's works on Italy. Finally, godparenthood was gender-sensitive. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, godmothers from the maternal side were greater in number than those from the paternal side, while godfathers from the paternal side were greater in number that those from the maternal side. Above all, the sex of the christened child took on a decisive dimension at the time when choices became more family-focused in the eighteenth century. This new consideration of the child's gender would seem to indicate a shift in the concept of the tie created at the time of the baptism. The intergenerational link between godchildren and godparents would take on new significance, in contrast to the relationship between parents and godparents that proved so crucial at the beginning of the Early Modern Era.     

MicroRNA在创伤性脑损伤的研究进展

MicroRNA是一类非编码小分子RNA,可调控人类基因组中20%-30%的基因,对细胞分化、增殖和凋亡起着重要调控作用。部分microRNA在哺乳动物中枢神经系统呈高水平表达,在神经元发育、突触发生和可塑性等过程中发挥关键作用,对认知功能亦有重要影响。创伤性脑损伤所致认知障碍的鉴定是法医学领域的重点及难点问题,识别其相关的特异性microRNA及其靶基因、阐明相应的信号传导通路对明确颅脑损伤的诊断、鉴别、预后及判断致伤机制、推断死因等方面可能均具有重要价值,应是今后的研究重点。本文简介microRNA在中枢神经系统中的分布与功能,对microRNA在创伤性脑损伤中所发挥的作用以及法医学研究进展做了重点阐述。