我国海上溢油事故海洋环境损害赔偿法律问题研究——以船舶溢油事故为视角

海上石油开发及油轮运输中发生的事故都会对海洋环境造成损害。以船舶溢油事故为例,中国海洋环境损害赔偿面临＂海洋生态损害＂概念模糊、损害赔偿难以量化、国家行政主管部门索赔存在交叉等困境。传统侵权法理论无法确定海洋环境损害的范围,更无法将海洋环境损害进行量化。尽管有关船舶溢油海洋环境损害赔偿法律体系的发展在一定程度上缓解了侵权法无法解决的难题,但仍需完善现有的法律制度,以期有效、及时地赔偿海洋环境损害。     

其他重大过错导致离婚损害赔偿的立法解释

《婚姻法》第46条严格限制离婚损害赔偿的过错情形,由此引发因制度供给的法定理由不足、离婚损害赔偿的性质不明、权利救济不充分导致的司法裁判路径混乱.我国离婚损害赔偿本质上是配偶一方因过错行为违反婚姻契约导致离婚而产生的违约损害赔偿责任.在解释《民法典·婚姻家庭编》第1091条新增的有其他重大过错时,既要充分发挥离婚损害赔...     

房产登记机关行政赔偿责任——兼论《物权法》对登记责任制度的完善

违法行政行为与民事行为混合侵权情况下,行政赔偿和一般民事侵权赔偿责任应当如何分担和衔接,是困扰司法界的一个难题。而且《国家赔偿法》并未规定可以对赔偿义务机关以外的共同加害人实施追偿。新颁布的《物权法》第二十一条明确规定错误登记的赔偿责任及登记机关对其他民事侵权人的追偿权,对实现不动产登记的法律价值和社会价值,具有重要意义。本文就多因一果的损害承担行政赔偿责任的行为范围和赔偿责任种类进行探析,阐释《物权法》对登记责任制度的完善。     

离婚损害赔偿制度和离婚补偿制度比较研究

由于我国《婚姻法》中对离婚后法律救济制度中的一些条款在具体实施时难以操作,导致了我国离婚救济制度的不完善,离婚后弱者的合法权益得不到保障。而将离婚损害赔偿制度和离婚补偿制度同时建立于我国《婚姻法》中,则可以完善离婚救济制度,减少因离婚带来的“女性贫困化”现象,以保证社会弱者权益,构建幸福家庭、和谐社会。     

When I grow up… I don't want to be broke: The problems with child actor trust fund requirements

Child actors have consistently been treated as typical minority laborers, with all of their earnings legally belonging to their parents. After many child actors were left with scraps at the end of their minority, Coogan's law was enacted in California to require parents of child actors to withhold some of their earnings in a trust. However, almost a century after Coogan's law was passed, there are still many child actors left with nothing. This Note proposes to both enact further union regulations to protect child actors in every state, and also to raise the required amount withheld from fifteen percent (15%) to fifty percent (50%).     

我国工伤事故性质及救济模式的法律考量

我国劳动法和民法的竞合造成工伤事故既具有劳动保险性,又具有民法上的特殊侵权性,相应的其救济途径包括上伤保险赔偿和民事侵权损害赔偿.在选择、取代、兼得和补充四种救济模式中,应选择补充模式,即劳动者先领取工伤保险赔偿,不足部分可通过侵权损害赔偿获得救济.这是一种既公平合理,又符合我国国情的工伤事故救济模式,能够达到保护劳动...     

Preventing construction deaths: The role of public policies

Are stronger direct financial incentives or regulatory enforcement effective in reducing fatalities in the construction industry? We examine two important policies—state workers' compensation (WC) programs and federal and state Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) activities—which embody those strategies. We examine their impact by looking at state-level fatality rates in the construction industry from 1992 to 2016. Setting aside highway crashes and violence, the majority of employee deaths occur in construction. We find that states which exempt small firms from the requirement to buy WC insurance have higher fatality rates. When eligibility for compensation is restricted by longer waiting periods, fatality rates are substantially higher. More frequent federal or state OSHA inspections and, especially, consultation visits are associated with lower fatality rates, but higher average penalties are not. Limited variation in these policies over our sample period, especially for WC, makes these results suggestive rather than definitively causal.