排除民事非法证据的伦理基础

以侵害他人合法权益或者违反法律禁止性规定的方法取得的证据是非法证据,在民事诉讼中应当予以排除。排除民事非法证据首先具有群体性的伦理基础,目的在于维系用于凝聚社会和传承民族时代精神的伦理善观念;其次具有个体化的伦理基础,为平等保护双方当事人人格尊严和权利的个体化伦理善观念所必要;最后是程序正义的法伦理的内在要求。     

对科学的人文价值的忽视——逻辑实证主义科学观及其缺陷

本文对逻辑实证主义的科学观做了批判性的考察和分析 ,认为逻辑实证主义有两个显著的特征 :一是实证主义 ;二是科学主义。其根本缺陷在于 :只重视“科学的逻辑”,而严重忽视了科学赖以产生和发展的人文背景 ;只强调科学的实证精神 ,而严重忽视了人的创造精神或创新精神 ;强调科学与人文两个世界的截然区分 ,而严重地忽视了科学与人文文化的关联及其科学本身的人文意义和人文价值 ,从而导致科学与人文精神的分离     

论西方心理学的价值取向

通过对西方心理学史的考察 ,心理学的两种价值取向主要是不同的哲学思想影响的结果 ,两种价值取向的对立既促进了心理学的理论兴盛又导致了心理学的长期分裂。要统一心理学 ,就必须在大人文主义科学观的统摄下谋求心理学研究对象的统一、研究方法的互惠、研究者的互动以及学科的科学定性     

论价值安全与国家总体安全体系

人的普遍性决定了价值的普遍性,人的特殊性决定了价值的差异性和多元性。价值的多元性和差异性正是引发不同价值体系安全问题的本质因素。狭义的价值安全是指一个国家、地区或民族、阶层的价值观念没有危险、不受威胁,即观念化价值体系安全。广义的价值安全是实在性价值体系安全与观念化价值体系安全(价值观安全)的统一。国家价值安全由国家内的价值安全和国家价值的安全构成,前者以多元价值主体的价值认同为重要表征,后者以国家的价值主权为重要表征。就其对国家总体安全体系的意义而言,价值体系是元文化,且观念化价值体系安全是文化安全的一部分,因而价值安全是文化安全的核心,也是元文化安全,必然地成为国家总体安全体系的重要构成要素;价值安全又意味着国家总体安全体系所有构成要素的价值目标、价值规范的安全,因而又是国家总体安全不可或缺的柔性支撑。     

试论语言和货币的符号性

语言符号和货币符号虽然分属于语言学和经济学的两个基本范畴,却又都是适应人类社会交际的需要而产生的,彼此之间有着紧密的联系。同为符号,它们既具有规约性,又具有抽象性和价值的两重性等特征。但是,语言和货币毕竟是两种不同的符号形式,在量与质的方面都存在着差异性。     

中国的基础设施建设援助与国际发展援助的“共生”——援助国产业结构差异的视角

发展与援助在二战后的制度化结合是现代援助体系诞生的标志,对外援助的道德属性被框定为帮助受援国实现发展。但在现实中,西方和中国常质疑彼此的援助道德动机,前者认为后者的基建援助是"新殖民主义"、"债务陷阱",后者认为前者的软性援助人员费过高、口惠而实不至、干涉他国内政。本文尝试在国际政治经济学框架下,将对外援助决策的规范建构与理性选择双重属性理论化,发掘一国产业结构与对外援助政策间的关联性,以解释西方与中国对外援助的特征差异和误解来源。概言之,发展通过中间变量产业结构可以分解出发展理念、发展资源和发展压力等作用机制,影响一国对外援助的部门分配,因而工业国倾向基础设施与生产性援助,第三产业国则偏好投放专业服务类援助。在全球价值链分工视野下,中国对外援助的偏好和结构具备合理性和正当性,不同援助方的发展援助既会产生竞争,也可互补共生,共同推动联合国"2030愿景"和新型全球治理的实现。     

论生态补偿制度的价值体系

法的价值是法之所以存在的逻辑原点,也是校正恶法、推进法治进步的指针。生态补偿制度的价值体系包括目的性价值和工具性价值。目的性价值是内在的灵魂,而工具性价值则是外在的形式。生态补偿制度的目的性价值包括环境公平、正义与秩序,其目的指向生态环境利益相关者之间实现利益的重构与平衡,并通过确立环境公平的优先位阶,实现生态利益的持续增加。在工具性价值中,确认性价值体现为以制度形式把生态补偿的目的性价值固定下来,使之具有法律的强制力;分配性价值体现为分配生态主体的权利和义务,从而实现权责对等的法治原则;而规范性价值则体现为生态补偿制度的实施机制。     

The devaluation of life

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been the target of two recent controversies involving the devaluation of life: the 2003 use of a senior discount for the value of statistical life for people over age 65, and the 2008 downward reassessment of the value of statistical life by the EPA Air Office. Even though these new values of statistical life were still among the highest used in the Federal government, there was a strong negative public reaction to each. The public outcry over the EPA policies appears to have stemmed from an irrational response to decreases in the value of statistical life. Proposed Congressional legislation that purportedly seeks to reform the valuations would politicize benefit assessments. A sounder approach is to establish a peer‐reviewed scientific advisory panel to advise agencies on the value of statistical life.     

Avoiding Theoretical Stagnation: A Systematic Review and Framework for Measuring Public Value

Public value theory has become a hot topic in public administration research, but its proponents have long recognised difficulties in empirically testing the theory's central propositions. There has been a lack of clarity about how to measure the extent to which organisations are generating public value, which has rendered researchers unable to quantitatively study the causes, consequences and correlates of public value. The current study systematically reviews the growing literature on public value measurement to identify, evaluate, and synthesise available measures. Through a qualitative synthesis of the themes present in published measures, we identify four key components for measuring public value that appear to be important across a range of policy and national contexts. Our review identifies a promising framework that could be used to structure a comprehensive measure of public value and, in doing so, provides a means to progress theoretical development and testing of the public value approach.     

A Knowledge‐Based Approach to Public Value Management: A Case Study of Change Implementation in Disability Services in Western Australia

This paper provides a knowledge‐based perspective to understanding public value management (PVM). As distinct from other approaches to public administration, PVM focuses on collaborative capacity building for the creation of public value. To develop the notion of PVM further, we explore the role of a knowledge‐based strategy in a case study of change implementation in 18 disability service organisations in Western Australia. Our findings show important inter‐relationships between knowledge management strategy, adopting a person‐centred approach to service provision, and sustainability of change implementation. We discuss the implications of the study for disability sector change management and for the further exploration of the strategic role of knowledge management capabilities in the study and practice of PVM in public sector administration. The paper explores the relationship between an organisation's knowledge capture and sharing systems and processes and its ability to implement change in a way that generates long‐term benefits for both public sector employees (e.g., engaging with key stakeholders to generate innovative solutions for serving client needs) and clients (i.e., increased well‐being through better service design and support).