毛发枪弹损伤的环境扫描电镜研究

目的探讨毛发枪弹损伤微观形态与射击距离之间的关系。方法应用环境扫描电镜/能谱仪对64式手枪在0~200cm范围内射击造成的毛发损伤及附着物进行形态和成分分析。结果0~30cm射击,毛发表面粘附有大量密集分布的球形射击残留物颗粒,鳞片有严重斑纹状损伤和崩裂缺损;30~60cm射击,毛发表面粘附有较多散在分布的球形射击残留物颗粒,鳞片有轻微斑纹状损伤和崩裂缺损;100cm距离射击,毛发表面粘附有少数个别射击残留物颗粒,鳞片无斑纹状损伤;200cm距离射击,毛发表面无射击残留物。毛发枪弹射击断裂形态差异较大,大体分为剪切断裂和牵拉断裂两种类型,与射击距离无明显相关性。结论毛发表面粘附的大量球形射击残留物颗粒及其造成的鳞片斑纹状损伤对于法医学鉴定贴近距离射击((30cm)具有重要的实用价值。     

论我国环境管理体制立法存在的问题及其完善途径

我国现行的环境管理体制立法存在着立法体系不完善、立法内容存在交叉和矛盾、某些立法授权不符合科学管理的规律等问题。为此 ,我国应当加强对环境管理体制立法的研究 ,注意借鉴国外环境管理体制立法的经验 ,加快制定综合性的环境管理体制立法。应将各单行立法中关于环境管理体制的规定具体化 ,及时修订与实际不符的法律规定。在立法程序上 ,改变由管理部门起草立法的方式 ,遵循先立法后改制的原则。并且在立法中引入公众对环境管理机构的监督机制     

环境犯罪学与社区警务

环境犯罪学研究产生犯罪的环境原因。其主要理论包括:防卫空间理论、破窗理论和环境设计预防犯罪理论。借鉴这些理论与实践措施,对我国社区警务有积极意义。     

China and UN environmental policy: institutional growth,learning and implementation

The focus of this article is on whether, and to what extent, the major UN bodies for environmental issues—the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), the Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD), and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF)—have had any impact upon how China addresses and approaches its environmental issues. The UN bodies seem to have had some degree of day-to-day influence in a range of fields. UNEP has provided assistance in terms of policy formulation, technical assistance, training of personnel, public awareness and networking. The CSD seems to have made fewer practical and concrete contributions to China’s environmental policies; it serves as an arena for learning and discussion of environmental issues, rather than as a body for policy implementation. The GEF, on the other hand, has been an important source for the implementation of environmental policies in China. As to China’s contribution to environmental issues on the global arena, China does not seem to give priority to the international level of environmental policies. It is an active participant and stakeholder in international bodies such as UNEP and the CSD, but it is currently not providing any leadership. This is in clear contrast to domestic policy, where environmental issues are becoming increasingly important, attracting the attention of the media, policy-makers and the public. The article concludes that should this trend consolidate, establishing the management of the environment and natural resources as major issues in Chinese politics, it is reasonable to expect that China will in the future aim to play a leading role in environmental politics at the international level.     

论我国环境公益诉讼制度的构建——兼评《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》

环境公益诉讼可以分为环境民事公益诉讼、环境行政公益诉讼、环境公诉。环境公益诉讼制度的构建应以《宪法》、《环境保护法》的规定为依据,通过确定诉讼原告、环境公益,对《民事诉讼法》、《行政诉讼法》等作适当修订,并结合一些相关诉讼制度,在实践中逐步进行。《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》因缺乏环境公益诉讼制度的规定,将直接影响其立法目的的实现和公众参与的主动性。     

High-throughput DNA sequencing of environmentally insulted latent fingerprints after visualization with nanoscale columnar-thin-film technique

The goals of this study were to (a) ascertain human identity capabilities of DNA obtained from latent fingerprints that have been first environmentally insulted and then developed by the deposition of a columnar thin film (CTF), and (b) to determine if the CTF process and material are detrimental to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Fingerprints were deposited on five different types of substrates and aged for one day, 7 days or 30 days while being environmentally insulted under one of the four conditions: 16.6 °C and 60% relative humidity (RH) (Condition A), 24.5 °C and 60% RH (Condition B), 35 °C and 67% RH (Condition C) and a cold condition (Condition D). Then CTF technique was then on 59% of these fingerprints. DNA samples from 805 fingerprints were extracted, quantified, subjected to manual library preparation using the Precision ID Identity Panel, and underwent high-throughput sequencing. The Ion S5™ platform was employed to sequence 124 SNP amplicons. SNPs were successfully sequenced from 802/805 samples. Total read depth was consistent across environmental conditions, and majority of samples had 100% profile completeness and 100% concordance. Anecdotally, libraries that were amplified with a higher cycle number had more ‘Major Allele Frequency’ flags compared to samples amplified with 23 cycle numbers, possibly due to stochastic effects. Neither the substrates nor the CTF process and materials inhibit downstream DNA analysis. DNA of low quality and quantity from the chosen samples can be sequenced using the Precision ID Identity Panel on the Ion S5™ platform which performed well, however, a different approach may be needed if spurious alleles are suspected.     

论环境公益诉讼原告资格

环境公益诉讼作为一种新的诉讼形态，具有诉讼主体的广泛性、诉讼效果的预防性以及诉讼形式的多样性等特点。我国现行法律对环境诉讼原告资格进行了一定的限定，不适应环境侵权损害日益严重的现实需要，不利于保护环境公共利益。因此，应当建立环境公益诉讼制度，赋予利益关系人、环境保护组织、环境保护行政机关和检察机关以环境公益诉讼的原告资格。     

美国危险品引起的灾难及其防范

危险品事故的发生会给社会造成很大的破坏,而此类事故又往往与犯罪和恐怖活动相联系。如何对此类事故进行防范,事故发生后又如何采取应急措施,以减少破坏和损失,这是警察机关的责任和义务。美国警方对危险品事故的防范和应急处置的训练可供借鉴。     

环境问题的软法之治

软法的研究逐渐兴起，且在国内法语境下主要是侧重于对这软治理理念的借鉴。软法治理方式的兴盛也是缘于各种社会问题的出现，其中日益严重的环境问题是主要的原因之一，这为研究软治理在环境治理领域的应用取得了很好的实践根基。在我国现行的环境治理方式中有许多软治理的方式，但目前这些治理方式没有合适的定位与定性。由于这种理论上的缺失，施行中出现了许多因顿。迎合软法的兴起，吸取其治理理念而提出软治理的理念，并积极借鉴各国环境治理的先进做法，走软硬合作之治是我国现行环境治理的理性之路。     

生态人文主义法治的价值取向

国内对于法律价值问题的研究肇始于20世纪80年代,在这二十几年的时间里,我国法学界对法律价值的探讨由浅入深,成为法理学及其他部门法学研究的重要理论基础。环境法的价值问题是于近些年逐渐吸引法学者视线的,并在传统法学界引起了巨大的争论,因为它不仅孕育了在价值主体、客体和内容方面对传统法学理论的根本性突破,同时也包含了环境法学本身一系列重大问题的争执。环境法的价值是环境法的精神与本质之所在,对它的研究也是探讨其他环境法问题的逻辑起点。