马来西亚环保非政府组织浅析

摘要：马来西亚环保非政府组织是马来西亚众多非政府组织中发育良好并卓有成效的公民社会组织,但学术界对马来西亚环保非政府组织的研究散见于各种文献之中。本文尝试从多个方面对马来西亚环保非政府组织进行较为综合的介绍和分析。首先,本文介绍了马来西亚环保非政府组织的发展概况,认为他们不仅是马来西亚环保运动的先驱者,而且也是发展中国家环保运动的先驱者之一;接着,介绍了主要环保非政府组织的基本情况;然后,以环保非政府组织反对和监督巴昆大坝建设为主要案例,对马来西亚环保非政府组织的主要活动及环保非政府组织与政府的关系进行了介绍和分析。     

Transboundary river basin agreements in the Mekong and Zambezi basins: Enhancing environmental security or securitizing the environment?

Multilateral agreements are emerging as important mechanisms for structuring cooperation in politically and ecologically complex transboundary river basins around the world. While such agreements are offered and legitimized as a means to advance ecological and human security, they instead often promote state-centric environmental securitization. As a result, seemingly progressive agreements grounded in international law are likely to precipitate and mask environmental degradation until it becomes serious or even irreversible, creating both ecological and human security crises at a variety of scales. Case studies of wetland ecosystems in both the Zambezi and Mekong basins reveal the material and discursive linkages between international agreements and security. By drawing on critical approaches that acknowledge both the socially constructed and the multi-dimensional nature of sovereignty, this paper exposes significant institutional barriers to ecologically sustainable transboundary cooperation in the two basins.

State greenhouse gas reduction policies: a move in the right direction?

The lack of significant efforts at the national level to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in the United States has provided the impetus for a number of state programs. This article assesses the efficiency of these programs in making real progress in GHG reductions. It also explores the effect of state programs on the eventual adoption of a strong national GHG mitigation policy. While state programs are likely to demonstrate the viability of new mitigation approaches, they are also likely to create a set of expectations and precedents that will make a strong and coherent national policy more difficult.

论中国环境公益诉讼制度之原告选择

环境公共利益主体和内容的不明确,加剧了实践中对环境公共利益受损不能实施有效救济的困境,建立环境公益诉讼制度是对环境公共利益受损实施救济的必要条件。建立环境公益诉讼制度的最核心问题是明确环境公益诉讼的原告主体范围。应确立限定性二元原告主体资格机制。环保NGO是环境公益诉讼的最适格原告。应从法律制度设置和运作模式上保障环保NGO参与环境公益诉讼的最优资格。     

电子废弃物有关法律问题研究

随着我国电子信息产业的发展,电子产品已经日益成为人们日常生活中的必需品,由于电子信息产品更新换代较快,电子垃圾的处理已经成为困扰社会发展和环境保护的难题之一。我国现阶段电子废弃物管理有关法律尚不健全,除《固体废物污染防治法》以外尚无专门的电子废弃物污染防治法律,具体法律制度亟待确立。     

行政罚款与环境损害救济——基于环境法律保障乏力的反思

环境事故频仍的现实,说明我国环境法律保障机制威慑不足。环境损害往往为民事损害所包裹,没有自己特定的救济方式,即为此等现状的一个缩影。民事侵权救济,只能在个别情况下间接起到环境损害修复之效果。行政罚款具有公益性、时效性、先定性、补偿性、专业性等属性,与环境损害救济的客观需要匹配程度比较高。环境损害救济宜采用以罚款为主导的公法路径,并辅之以必要的行政公益诉讼。     

论环境税收的可税性

环境税收不仅仅是一种经济活动,同时也是作为一种法律活动而存在的。文章从法学理论角度的分析旨在阐明,环境税收是否可以以及如何纳入现行法律的运作框架,作为一项具体的法律制度,促进环境保护目标和价值的实现。     

Journey history reconstruction from the soils and sediments on footwear: An empirical approach

The value of environmental evidence for reconstructing journey histories has significant potential given the high transferability of sediments and the interaction of footwear with the ground. The importance of empirical evidence bases to underpin the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of forensic trace materials is increasingly acknowledged. This paper presents two experimental studies designed to address the transfer and persistence of sediments on the soles of footwear in forensically relevant scenarios, by means of quartz grain surface texture analysis, a technique which has been demonstrated to be able to distinguish between samples of mixed provenance.It was identified that there is a consistent trend of transfer and persistence of sediments from hypothetical pre-, syn- and post-crime event locations across the sole of the shoe, with sediments from ‘older’ locations likely to be retained in small proportions. Furthermore, the arch of the shoe (the area of lowest foot pressure distribution) typically (but not exclusively) retained the highest proportion of grain types from previous locations including the crime scene. A lack of chronological layering of the retained sediments was observed indicating that techniques that can identify the components of mixed provenance samples are important for analysing footwear sediment samples. It was also identified that the type of footwear appeared to have an influence on what particles were retained, with high relief soles that incorporate recessed areas being more likely to retain sediments transferred from ‘older’ locations from the journey history. In addition, the inners of footwear were found to retain sediments from multiple locations from the journey history that are less susceptible to differential loss in comparison to the outer sole. These findings provide important data that can form the basis for the effective collection, analysis and interpretation of sediments recovered from both the outer soles and inners of footwear, building on the findings of previously published studies. These data offer insights that enable inferences to be made about mixed source sediments that are identified on footwear in casework, and provide the beginnings of an empirical basis for assessing the significance of such sediment particles for a specific forensic reconstruction.     

东南亚环境史研究述评

东南亚环境史研究既是东南亚历史研究的一个重要分支学科,也是东南亚研究中的一个新兴跨学科研究领域.本文分为两部分.第一部分综合分析东南亚环境史研究兴起的特点,简要概括东南亚环境史研究的重要进展.第二部分是对荷兰著名东南亚环境史学家彼得·布姆加德教授的访谈,布姆加德教授对笔者提出的东南亚环境史研究中的一些重要问题给予了回答.希望本文能对开拓中国东南亚研究的新领域、深化世界环境史研究有所启示和帮助.     

德国环保NGO通过环境诉讼参与环境保护的法律制度介评——以环境公益诉讼中的"原告资格"为中心

环保NGO在通过环境诉讼参与环境保护方面有着公民个人所不具备的优势,环境立法发达的国家普遍赋予环保NGO以环境诉讼的"原告资格".德国的环境立法和环境判例也在不同程度上认可了环保NGO的原告资格,但这种原告资格还是受到很大的限制,原告仅能依据自然保护法的规定提起诉讼,环境公益诉讼的原告资格只赋予被官方承认的环保NGO,因而,德国环保NGO通过环境诉讼参与环境保护的途径尚有待拓宽.