新加坡医疗保障体系运行机制及现状评述

新加坡政府创造性的建立了储蓄型医疗保险制度,取得了较好的效果。本文通过对新加坡保健储蓄计划、健保双全计划、乐龄保健计划和保健基金运行机制分析,发现新加坡医疗保障体系具有以个人负责作为制度设计总理念,精细化管理,体现公平正义理念,具有服务型社会治理内涵,进行积极调节,具有激励约束机制的特点。     

The Influence of “Social Viewing” on Televised Debate Viewers’ Political Judgment

Social media could serve as an easy and fast window to the climate of public opinion. In the current study, we examined the influence of perceived opinion climate revealed via Twitter postings in shaping televised debate viewers’ candidate evaluation. We conducted two Web-based experiments in the high- and low-stimulus elections: (a) the 2012 Korean presidential election and (b) the 2014 Seoul mayoral election. Instead of using contrived stimulus materials, we were able to examine the influence of exposure to Twitter postings in voters’ judgment of candidate performance in real time. Using a custom-designed Web application, participants evaluated the candidates as debate-related Twitter postings were being fed in real time during each televised debate. Our results suggest that exposure to Twitter postings has induced significant bandwagon effects. Bandwagon effects were pervasive even among partisans and the knowledgeable. Our findings show that more policy efforts ought to be made to strengthen the informative role of social viewing.     

Between logframes and theory of change: reviewing debates and a practical experience

Theory of Change (ToC) is an emerging methodology in the practice of development programmes, often contrasted with the dominant logical framework. This article reviews current debates around ToC before identifying five aspects that are appreciated in practice. It appears that these aspects mostly cover areas where the logical framework is not – or is no longer – meeting the needs of practitioners. Subsequently, the article analyses experiences in ToC training for NGO staff and concludes that ToC can address shortcomings of the logical framework – if only by going back to some of the roots of the logical framework.     

Assessing and Tax Accounting Principles in the German Civil and Commercial Code and the Impact on Tax Compliance

The author outlines the development of accounting and assessing principles in Germany. He presents the poor regulations at the beginning and shows the thoroughly improved rulings after the middle of the 19th century as a result of specific problems caused by the revolutionized taxation sytem after priority was shifted from indirect excise duties to direct new income taxation. The author shows the impact of accounting problems and the development of modern accounting principles originated by the political events. He outlines the gradual formation of extraordinary deficiencies of the German legal accounting principles compared with the ideal goal of all accounting. The author demonstrates the difficulties, which brought about a different historical economic development beween German and Anglo-Saxon accounting principles. He shows the obstacles the harmonisation activities are facing and the endeavours to support globalisation.     

论征收中“公共利益”界定的程序机制

公益征收中公共利益的界定需要一种程序机制。程序论公共利益理论具有悠久的历史传统。公共利益界定的程序设计,首先要解决的是界定的主体问题,其次才涉及到具体程序机制的设计。公共利益之界定主体的选择是一个宪法分权问题,须由立法、行政、司法机关通力协作。我国公益征收法上公共利益界定的具体程序机制设计,必须解决好三个问题:一是把公共利益调查与审查作为征收决定做出前的一个独立程序阶段;二是把民主商谈确立为公益界定必须遵守的实质性程序原则;三是把公共利益听证确立为公益界定中必须遵循的一个程序环节。     

中国百年乡村建设的历史沿革与有效性初探

本文从社会结构、建设主体、建设资源、乡村文化四个维度,提出了一个乡村建设的尝试性分析框架。通过梳理我国百年乡村建设的历史沿革及其主要特征,进而从乡村社会秩序的稳定性、基本公共服务供需平衡性、行政管理事项强度、乡村经济社会发展程度四个方面,对比分析了不同历史时期乡村建设的有效性。研究发现,新中国的成立是百年乡村建设的分水岭,乡村建设取得历史性成就的关键在于中国共产党的领导;改革开放和农业税费改革是新中国成立70多年乡村建设的两次转折点,为乡村建设带来的机遇与挑战并存;在新发展阶段,乡村振兴更需要在国家资源、权力下沉与乡村社会的自主治理之间寻求适当平衡。     

人民至上与实干为要:百年大党永恒的价值理念与奋斗本色的双向互嵌

中国共产党走过的100年光辉历程,是不断追求人民至上的价值理念和推进实干为要的奋斗本色双向互嵌的伟大历程。人民至上是中国共产党的核心价值理念,坚持人民至上是中国共产党的性质宗旨和初心使命的集中体现;实干为要是中国共产党始终不渝的奋斗本色,是践行人民至上价值理念的生动写照和品质凝练。作为使命型政党,中国共产党通过有效机制联结,基于人民至上的价值追求,通过理论武装与学习机制、推进工作运行机制、干部担当作为机制、共商共治共享机制,把依靠人民和服务人民有机结合,以实现全体人民美好生活需要为目标,不断推进革命、建设、改革取得辉煌成就;中国共产党人以实干为要为行动准则,坚持调查研究,坚持顶层设计与摸着石头过河相结合,坚持问题导向、目标导向与结果导向相结合,推进和保证人民至上的价值理念落到实处,并不断丰富和发展人民至上的时代内涵,赢得了人民的忠心拥护和爱戴。     

“孟中印缅”地区合作机制：推动因素与制约因素

"孟中印缅论坛"已走过五年的探索历程,现已开始步入实质性阶段.随着相关国家经贸合作水平的提高和对区域机制建设的共识日益增强,该机制已逐渐由学术主导的"二轨"层面向政府决策和可行性操作的"一轨"层面靠拢.中国云南在其中发挥着重要的作用,中国与孟加拉国的经贸和通道建设合作为该机制提供了动力,印度的该地区跨国经济合作的认知也在发生积极的转变,并且该机制业已同其它地区、次区域经济合作产生互动关联.尽管如此,该机制的运作和深化仍面对某些不可忽视的挑战.     

科学发展观——我国公共政策评估的首要标准

公共政策评估标准是开展公共政策评估的前提。为了更有效、更科学地开展公共政策评估活动,应设立正确的首要标准,以首要标准来统率次要标准。科学发展观标准应当成为我国公共政策评估的首要标准:科学发展观标准是对以往我国公共政策评估标准的纠正和完善;科学发展观标准符合我国社会主义国家公共政策的本质要求;科学发展观标准顺应公共政策的发展趋势。坚持科学发展观作为我国公共政策评估的首要标准能有效提升我国公共政策质量,推进我国社会主义和谐社会建设进程。     

Linkages between the Montreal and Kyoto Protocols – Enhancing Synergies between Protecting the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate

The international treaties for the protection of the ozone layer and the global climate are closely related. Not only has the Montreal Protocol for the protection of the ozone layer served as a useful example in developing the international climate regime, but policies pursued in both issue areas influence each other. This paper gives an overview of the many ways in which both treaty systems are linked functionally and politically. It investigates, in particular, the tension that has arisen with respect to the use of fluorinated greenhouse gases and the potential for drawing on the experience under the Montreal Protocol regarding data reporting and policy design on fluorinated greenhouse gases under the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The potentials for enhancing synergy in these areas are explored, and related options discussed. Some initiatives for exploiting these potentials are already underway, aiming in particular at enhancing learning and exchanging of information. However, political choices concerning some of the issues willeventually need to be made, if action at the international level is to contribute to their solution.