Data integration in IoT ecosystem: Information linkage as a privacy threat

Internet of things (IoT) is changing the way data is collected and processed. The scale and variety of devices, communication networks, and protocols involved in data collection present critical challenges for data processing and analyses. Newer and more sophisticated methods for data integration and aggregation are required to enhance the value of real-time and historical IoT data. Moreover, the pervasive nature of IoT data presents a number of privacy threats because of intermediate data processing steps, including data acquisition, data aggregation, fusion and integration. User profiling and record linkage are well studied topics in online social networks (OSNs); however, these have become more critical in IoT applications where different systems share and integrate data and information. The proposed study aims to discuss the privacy threat of information linkage, technical and legal approaches to address it in a heterogeneous IoT ecosystem. The paper illustrates and explains information linkage during the process of data integration in a smart neighbourhood scenario. Through this work, the authors aim to enable a technical and legal framework to ensure stakeholders awareness and protection of subjects about privacy breaches due to information linkage.     

European national news

This article tracks developments at the national level in key European countries in the area of IT and communications and provides a concise alerting service of important national developments. It is co-ordinated by Herbert Smith Freehills LLP and contributed to by firms across Europe. This column provides a concise alerting service of important national developments in key European countries. Part of its purpose is to complement the Journal's feature articles and briefing notes by keeping readers abreast of what is currently happening “on the ground” at a national level in implementing EU level legislation and international conventions and treaties. Where an item of European National News is of particular significance, CLSR may also cover it in more detail in the current or a subsequent edition.     

EU update

This is the latest edition of the DLA Piper column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This news article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links.     

中国古代证据制度的思想基础及特点分析

以中华法系为代表的中国古代法制文明在世界法律史中占有重要地位,也是中国古代文明的体现。法律制度的设计必须与其所处的经济、社会制度与环境相适应．古代中国法律体现了这点．作为法律制度一部分、对于事实的认定、纠纷的解决具有重要影响的证据制度也是如此。中国古代证据制度在设计及实施过程中受到了古代哲学、伦理观念、心理学等因素的影响,同时也与当时的生产力水平相适应。中国古代证据制度具有与西方不同的特征。这与中国古代对人的重视、以儒家为主导的哲学观念、当时的生产力水平以及家法宗族的统治密切相关。     

论证据收集力强弱与证明责任轻重

证据收集力强弱与证明责任轻重的平衡是当前民事诉讼中迫切需要解决的问题。本文阐释了民事诉讼中强化当事人证据收集力的趋势,程序结构视野中的两种证明责任观,分析了证据收集力强弱与证明责任轻重的错位现象,并提出导入证据开示制度,提升当事人证据收集力,平衡当事人证据收集力强弱与证明责任轻重的观点。     

证据的内涵与依法取证-以行政处罚证据的收集为分析视角

作为法律程序整体所必不可少的一部分,行政程序与司法程序一样,都在证据的作用下发挥其功能。然而,我国研究更多将目光聚焦于诉讼证据,而对行政程序证据缺乏关注。但实际上,行政机关是依法治国的主要执行官,其与公民的关系比其他任何国家机关更为密切,所以规范行政机关的执法行为无疑成为依法治国的重大课题,其中对行政处罚证据的规范尤其如此。从原则上而言,行政处罚证据理应符合证据“三性”,但警察思维与法官思维上的差异使其对证据有其特殊要求,基于公共利益保护的需要,行政处罚证据的关联性、合法性存在减弱和例外情形,因此,对于“毒树之果”以及通过钓鱼执法、秘密调查等方式所得证据并不必然排除,为此,与其让这些实践中早已普遍存在的行为游离于法外,不如通过立法明确规定其范围、程序和命令禁止事项。     

‘Catching’ and ‘Targeting’: Risk‐Based Policing,Local Culture and Gendered Practices

The aim of this article is to explore cultural and practical aspects of the growing use of information and communication technology (ICT) in policing. By using empirical research on policing in Norway, the focus will be on how ICT is used as a crime prevention instrument in everyday police work and culture. The transition, which the new technologies mediate, will be explored by focusing on concepts of risk and materialization of risk‐based policing at the practice level in two cases: 1) a special unit fighting serious and organized crime utilizing proactive policing methods, police informers, crime profiling and databases, and 2) a police station focusing on low‐level crime by using a problem‐oriented policing model, transmitting responsibility for personal security onto identified ‘problem‐owners’.1 ‘Problem‐owner’ is a notion used by the police in the two cases. It is referring to the POP‐model, and whom they identify as important to participate in the risk‐management. According to Wright (: 121): “Partnership refers to a purposeful relationship between the police and the public or between the police and other agencies in the field.” Based on an examination of risk phenomena as contextual, embedded in practice and cultural settings, various stories about risk management will be told. The stories reflect different control strategies in the crime control discourses, and point to how risk‐based technologies are shaped and adapted in occupational culture and practice. The article illuminates the importance of studying the empirical complexity ICT is used in, and looks towards, to paraphrase O'Malley and Palmer (), ‘firewalls of resistance’ in the local occupational culture, that are preventing full integration of risk tools.     

应对新冠肺炎疫情的几个法律问题

新冠肺炎以特定的含义和名称进入国家和联合国法律文件.中国抗击新冠肺炎的成功经验与研究成果可供世界借鉴.筛选中医药有效经方治疗新冠肺炎是克敌制胜之举,需要依法保护中国国药和传统医学知识宝库.要通过立法禁止非法猎捕、交易、运输和食用野生动物,严惩此类犯罪行为.新冠肺炎疫情防控需要全国合力制胜,政府要及时准确地向社会发布和披露疫情防控信息,执法机关要依据谣言制造者和传播者情节轻重予以惩处,司法机关要依据刑事犯罪人情节轻重定罪量刑.     

论民法典编纂视角下的个人信息保护立法

个人信息保护已经成为互联网时代的重大法律问题之一。个人信息保护涉及多个法律领域、多种法律手段,因此必须采取综合治理的方式来解决个人信息保护问题,构建个人信息保护的多元法律体系。十三届全国人大三次会议将于2020年3月审议表决《民法典》,还将计划制定《个人信息保护法》。因此,我国个人信息保护立法将迎来历史性突破,以民事基本法与行政单行法构筑的我国个人信息保护法律体系将基本形成。     

The Protection of Confidentiality in Australian Family Law

This paper identifies and discusses the legislative provisions which protect confidentiality in family law proceedings in Australia. The purpose of discussing these protections is two‐fold: firstly, to identify the scope and operation of these protections for Australian legal practitioners; secondly, to allow comparison of Australian protections to those offered in other jurisdictions. This paper will consider duties of confidentiality and evidential privileges in the context of settlement negotiation, mediation, arbitration, lawyer‐client relationships and medical, counselling and other therapeutic relationships. The rationale for the protection of confidentiality in some of these relationships and circumstances, but not in others, will also be considered in an attempt to understand why it is so.