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121.
The need to better balance the promotion of scientific and technological innovation with risk management for consumer protection has inspired several recent reforms attempting to make regulations more flexible and adaptive. The pharmaceutical sector has a long, established regulatory tradition, as well as a long history of controversies around how to balance incentives for needed therapeutic innovations and protecting patient safety. The emergence of disruptive biotechnologies has provided the occasion for regulatory innovation in this sector. This article investigates the regulation of advanced biotherapeutics in the European Union and shows that it presents several defining features of an adaptive regulation regime, notably institutionalized processes of planned adaptation that allow regulators to gather, generate, and mobilize new scientific and risk evidence about innovative products. However, our in-depth case analysis highlights that more attention needs to be paid to the consequences of the introduction of adaptive regulations, especially for critical stakeholders involved in this new regulatory ecosystem, the capacity and resource requirements placed on them to adapt, and the new tradeoffs they face. In addition, our analysis highlights a deficit in how we currently evaluate the performance and public value proposition of adaptive regulations vis-à-vis their stated goals and objectives. 相似文献
122.
Stephen M. O’Brien 《Journal of contemporary African studies : JCAS》2020,38(1):138-153
ABSTRACT Community mobilisation and activism is thought to encourage HIV testing and treatment and assist patient recovery. This article draws on interviews conducted with 60 people living with, and affected by HIV, in four marginalised areas of Harare, Zimbabwe. The lenses of civil society and social movements are used to analyse how people living with HIV draw on, and construct, systems of support based on the ways in which their communities know and understand the epidemic. I consider how neighbourhoods negotiate and assert community and individual needs in relation to HIV and how such systems can develop into community networks and wider coalitions. The article concludes by positing that, by interrogating official responses to the epidemic, HIV-related activism and social movements can help to domesticate formal commitments to international health protocols and compliance, particularly in terms of the intent, as well as the participatory rhetoric, of health based rights. 相似文献
123.
Xin Wang Ph.D. Sys Stybe Johansen Ph.D. Marie Katrine Klose Nielsen Ph.D. Kristian Linnet Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(3):950-955
The present study involved segmental testing of hair in two clinical cases with known dosage histories. Hair analysis confirmed the first patient's exposure to the prescribed sertraline and citalopram for several months. Citalopram was generally distributed along the hair shaft in accordance with the drug ingestion period. By contrast, “false” positive results were observed for sertraline in distal hair segments, corresponding to a period of no sertraline exposure, which may indicate incorporation from sweat or sebum, which transport the drugs along the hair surface. The second patient received various drugs during her treatment for brain cancer. Metoclopramide, morphine, oxazepam, paracetamol, sumatriptan, tramadol, and zopiclone, which had been part of the therapy, were all detected in the proximal hair segment. The results of these two cases indicated that results—especially concerning the time of drug intake—must be interpreted with caution and allow for the possibility of incorporation from sweat or sebum. 相似文献
124.
目的:观察电针预处理对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织的二醛(MDA),谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的影响,方法:用线栓法复制大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,观察大鼠缺血2h再灌注后24h脑组织MDA,GSH的含量,结果:电针预处理能够显降低脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织MDA的含量(P<0.01),同时GSH含量有升高趋势(P>0.05),结论:电针预处理可以抑制大鼠脑缺血再灌注过程中自由基的生成,增强自由基清除力,从而起到抗脑缺血再灌注引起的自由基损伤,实现对中枢神经元的保护作用。 相似文献
125.
目的:观察益气温阳康复法辅助药物治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效。方法:60例患随机分为2组,治疗组30例,配合消渴丸选取相关的穴位进行补法针刺,温针灸及推拿治疗,3周为1疗程,对照组30例,单独应用消渴丸,服法及疗程同治疗组,结果:治疗组总有效率为90%,对照组总有效率为70%(P<0.01)。治疗组与对照组比较,治疗后气虚,阳虚症状的复常率显提高(P<0.05),两组在降低血糖及糖化血红蛋白方面无显差异(P>0.05),结论:益气温阳康复法对药物治疗2型糖尿病有明显的辅助作用。 相似文献
126.
目的:观察四妙除痹汤内服外洗对热痹(风湿类疾病急性期或活动期)患治疗前后体温(T)、血沉(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、抗“O”(ASO)变化及临床疗效。方法:96例热痹患,随机分为治疗组(60例)和对照组(36例),分别给予四妙除痹汤及布洛芬片治疗,观察其疗效及治疗前后T、ESR、CRP、ASO变化。结果:四妙除痹汤治疗热痹汤治疗热痹具有明显的疗效(P<0.01),并与其降低T、ESR、CRP、ASO 等相关(P<0.01)。结论:四妙除痹汤对热痹患有一定疗效。 相似文献
127.
目的:研究调神益肾针法对更年期雌性大鼠下丘脑阿片促黑素皮质素原mRNA表达的影响。方法:采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应技术。结果:更年期大鼠下丘脑阿片促黑素皮质素原mRNA表达明显降低;经针刺干预后,调神益肾组该基因的表达明显上调,补肾健脾组则无明显变化。结论:增强下丘脑阿片促黑素皮质素原mRNA的表达可能是调神益肾针法治疗更年期综合征的机制之一。 相似文献
128.
目的:观察电针内关和心俞穴对家兔急性心肌缺血的协同保护作用。方法:40只家兔随机分为对照组、模型组、内关组(电针内关穴)、心俞组(电针心俞穴)、关俞组)电针内关和心俞穴)。通过耳缘静脉注射垂体后叶素复制急性缺血性心电图模型,观察电针治疗后心电图T波、ST段变化。结果:关俞组T波、ST段改善最明显(P<0.05),缺血性心电图恢复时间最短(P<0.05)。结论:电针心俞和内关穴对急性心肌缺血具有协同保护作用。 相似文献
129.
目的 观察舒筋汤结合推拿、针刀疗法治疗瘀滞型肩周炎的临床疗效。方法 将72例瘀滞型肩周炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组36例,对照组采用舒筋汤内服配合推拿治疗,治疗组在对照组疗法的基础上配合针刀治疗,治疗结束后4周采用美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(University of California at Los Angeles, UCLA)制定的肩关节功能评分标准评定两组的临床疗效。结果 治疗结束后4周,治疗组和对照组分别脱落1、2例;治疗组总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05,94.29% vs 73.53%);治疗后两组UCLA评分均显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 舒筋汤内服配合针刀、推拿疗法治疗肩周炎具有较好的临床疗效。 相似文献
130.
目的 回顾重症蝮蛇咬伤患者的病历资料,总结重症蝮蛇咬伤的治疗经验。 方法 对26例重症蝮蛇咬伤患者采用中西医结合疗法进行治疗。西医疗法以局部扩创排毒、注射抗蝮蛇毒血清及对症治疗为主,对危重症患者应用机械通气、血液净化、重症监护等治疗技术;中医疗法以内服院内协定方蛇伤冲剂及采用季德胜蛇药片内服外敷为主。结果 治愈22例,好转3例,无效1例,总有效率为96.1%。发生脏器功能损害26例,治疗后恢复25例。住院时间2~16 d,平均(7.72±1.35)d。结论 中西医结合治疗重症蝮蛇咬伤,治愈率高,脏器功能损害恢复好,住院时间短。 相似文献