中产阶层对于自身政治参与有效性的评价——比较中国与越南中产阶层的政治效能感

本文认为,对于市场经济转型国家,新兴中产阶层政治效能感强弱与国家放权让利的程度有关:国家权力收缩,会增强其政治效能感;当国家给予中产阶层参政议政的空间较小时,专业技术型中产因为远离权力架构,会在政治效能感上弱于管理型中产。     

浅谈任务教学法在外语课堂的应用——以日语拟声拟态词的讲解为例

传统教学模式以讲授法为主要教学法,学生在课堂上处于被动接收的位置,学生缺乏自主学习的兴趣动机。通过课堂案例的实际体验,发现使用任务教学法进行教学时,教师从课堂的讲解者转变为任务的布置者和课堂的主持者,任务布置为学生制造出学习时刻,学生在完成任务的过程中自主汲取知识,课堂教学效果得到大幅改善。     

农民工发展趋势展望

农民工是中国社会的一个特殊群体。从发展趋势看,农民工与中国的城市化和工业化进程相统一,将成为中国工人阶级的主体,并将工会作为提高其组织化程度的社会组织形态。通过对农民工的发展走势进行深入的探讨和研究,可以更充分地认识农民工问题的长期性和复杂性,为解决农民工问题提供理论依据。     

国家、阶级与革命——评“西方马克思主义”的政治理论

在人们较多地关注“西方马克思主义”的哲学理论的情况下 ,挖掘一下其政治观点是很有意义的事。“西方马克思主义”理论家无论是把意识形态工具和文化手段视为国家机器的主要组成部分 ,还是对作为上层建筑的国家与经济基础关系的新解释 ,都是言之成理的 ,都是基于新形势对国家学说做出的新发展。“西方马克思主义”理论家的可贵之处还在于不像许多人那样轻率地宣布阶级已消失 ,而是正视现实 ,在肯定阶级存在的同时 ,对阶级结构和阶级划分等进行了新的探讨 ,特别是对无产阶级成份的变化提出了不少独到的见解。在革命这一字眼逐渐淡出之时 ,“西方马克思主义”理论家的另一个突出成就就是并没有随众送别革命 ,而是还坚持要求进行革命变革 ,并对为什么在当今的年代还有革命的必要性 ,特别是在新形势下如何实施革命做出了有益的探索     

In silico toxicity as a tool for harm reduction: A study of new psychoactive amphetamines and cathinones in the context of criminal science

The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has raised many issues in the context of law enforcement and public drug policies. In this scenario, interdisciplinary studies are crucial to the decision-making process in the field of criminal science. Unfortunately, information about how NPS affect people's health is lacking even though knowledge about the toxic potential of these substances is essential: the more information about these drugs, the greater the possibility of avoiding damage within the scope of a harm reduction policy. Traditional analytical methods may be inaccessible in the field of forensic science because they are relatively expensive and time-consuming. In this sense, less costly and faster in silico methodologies can be useful strategies. In this work, we submitted computer-calculated toxicity values of various amphetamines and cathinones to an unsupervised multivariate analysis, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and to the supervised techniques Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy and Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (SIMCA and PLS-DA) to evaluate how these two NPS groups behave. We studied how theoretical and experimental values are correlated by PLS regression. Although experimental data was available for a small amount of molecules, correlation values reproduced literature values. The in silico method efficiently provided information about the drugs. On the basis of our findings, the technical information presented here can be used in decision-making regarding harm reduction policies and help to fulfill the objectives of criminal science.     

阶级利益、民族利益和全人类利益再思考

国家利益作为国际战略体系构建的出发点,是一个多元的复合体,它包含了阶级利益、民族利益和全人类利益三个维度。社会主义发展的历史上,在认识和处理阶级利益、民族利益和全人类利益的关系方面有着深刻的教训。在全球化时代,应反思和总结过去在认识和处理三种利益的关系方面存在的缺失,做出适应时代需要的新思考。     

海淀区餐饮业举报投诉风险干预试验效果研究简

目的：本文通过分析海淀区餐饮业举报投诉案件资料,确定了当前餐饮业投诉举报的主要风险点,经过详细专家论证及实践讨论,将风险点量化评分,并采取相应干预措施,跟踪调查和效果评价,找出有效的干预措施,为改进监督执法方式、加强对餐饮业的检查指导针对性、提高其食品卫生安全水平提供了可行性建议。方法：设计问卷,进行餐饮企业举报投诉风险的干预试验,在干预试验前后对餐饮企业的2次调查结果分别进行风险评分,并对餐饮企业进行总体风险量化评分的对比,以观察干预的效果。结果：初步建立了餐饮业投诉举报风险评估的指标体系,确立风险等级。结论：此方法和指标体系的建立,为餐饮业卫生监督部门加强餐饮业投诉举报的处理提供了建议和参考;为实现餐饮业投诉举报风险的早期预警提供了科学数据和技术支持。     

Only Contradictions on Offer

Segal addresses feminism's future at a time when political energies are apparently in decline. She explores the contradictory models of feminism operating in political and media representations: the dominance of gender questions and gender anxieties, including the marked concern with models of 'proper' masculinity, inevitably implicates feminists in the political arena. The decline in political engagement among feminists is in any case disturbing, because women without power have been made the central targets of neo-conservative social policies in the United States, Britain and elsewhere, with the female 'welfare dependent' becoming particularly demonized. The failure of feminists to address such issues results from the decline of socialist feminisms, and a general failure within feminism to make class and race differences, and the inequalities that result from them, the central plank of its theories and politics. Segal calls attention to the divorce between feminist theory and feminist activism, and argues that the politics of the academy have largely contributed to a disciplinary specialization which militates against feminism's productive interdisciplinarity. While the literary paradigms that now dominate feminist thought have produced rich models for subjectivity and identity, the decrease in social science contributions to the field has led to a lessening of attention to existing social relations. Segal insists upon the necessity of a continuing engagement with cultural questions, but argues that these need to be combined with a commitment to radical social transformation if feminisms, in all their complexity and multifariousness, are to have a future.     

Family breakdown and the ‘Welfare Child’ in 19th and 20th century Britain

This article traces new cycles of interest in past children as distinct from past childhood. Recent work highlighting that a conceptualisation of childhood existed even in periods with few written records closes the chapter begun by Philippe Ariès in 1960. Instead, there has been a new surge of interest in children on the edges of family life, as well as children in similarly liminal positions between the worlds of adults and children: runaways, delinquents and orphans. Several themes in the literature are identified, based on the conflicting ideas of ‘body/mind’, ‘victim/threat’, ‘needs/rights’. It is noted that researchers are using more imaginative ways of reaching the lived experience of children than the family or institutional framework, and that an increasing link is drawn between historical and modern concerns such as child abuse and the care of ‘at risk’ children.