吉登斯社会分层理论述评

吉登斯的社会分层理论集中体现在他的阶级结构化理论中。它以市场能力与准技术关系为轴心进行社会分层,将阶级关系作为一种社会结构,在阶级活动和阶级结构的互动中考察各个阶层的流动。依据“分工的规律是阶级划分的基础”的原则,可以解析其理论认识上的得失,阐明其理论在中国当前构建和谐社会中的现实意义。     

Family breakdown and the ‘Welfare Child’ in 19th and 20th century Britain

This article traces new cycles of interest in past children as distinct from past childhood. Recent work highlighting that a conceptualisation of childhood existed even in periods with few written records closes the chapter begun by Philippe Ariès in 1960. Instead, there has been a new surge of interest in children on the edges of family life, as well as children in similarly liminal positions between the worlds of adults and children: runaways, delinquents and orphans. Several themes in the literature are identified, based on the conflicting ideas of ‘body/mind’, ‘victim/threat’, ‘needs/rights’. It is noted that researchers are using more imaginative ways of reaching the lived experience of children than the family or institutional framework, and that an increasing link is drawn between historical and modern concerns such as child abuse and the care of ‘at risk’ children.     

农民工发展趋势展望

农民工是中国社会的一个特殊群体。从发展趋势看,农民工与中国的城市化和工业化进程相统一,将成为中国工人阶级的主体,并将工会作为提高其组织化程度的社会组织形态。通过对农民工的发展走势进行深入的探讨和研究,可以更充分地认识农民工问题的长期性和复杂性,为解决农民工问题提供理论依据。     

国家、阶级与革命——评“西方马克思主义”的政治理论

在人们较多地关注“西方马克思主义”的哲学理论的情况下 ,挖掘一下其政治观点是很有意义的事。“西方马克思主义”理论家无论是把意识形态工具和文化手段视为国家机器的主要组成部分 ,还是对作为上层建筑的国家与经济基础关系的新解释 ,都是言之成理的 ,都是基于新形势对国家学说做出的新发展。“西方马克思主义”理论家的可贵之处还在于不像许多人那样轻率地宣布阶级已消失 ,而是正视现实 ,在肯定阶级存在的同时 ,对阶级结构和阶级划分等进行了新的探讨 ,特别是对无产阶级成份的变化提出了不少独到的见解。在革命这一字眼逐渐淡出之时 ,“西方马克思主义”理论家的另一个突出成就就是并没有随众送别革命 ,而是还坚持要求进行革命变革 ,并对为什么在当今的年代还有革命的必要性 ,特别是在新形势下如何实施革命做出了有益的探索     

海淀区餐饮业举报投诉风险干预试验效果研究简

目的：本文通过分析海淀区餐饮业举报投诉案件资料,确定了当前餐饮业投诉举报的主要风险点,经过详细专家论证及实践讨论,将风险点量化评分,并采取相应干预措施,跟踪调查和效果评价,找出有效的干预措施,为改进监督执法方式、加强对餐饮业的检查指导针对性、提高其食品卫生安全水平提供了可行性建议。方法：设计问卷,进行餐饮企业举报投诉风险的干预试验,在干预试验前后对餐饮企业的2次调查结果分别进行风险评分,并对餐饮企业进行总体风险量化评分的对比,以观察干预的效果。结果：初步建立了餐饮业投诉举报风险评估的指标体系,确立风险等级。结论：此方法和指标体系的建立,为餐饮业卫生监督部门加强餐饮业投诉举报的处理提供了建议和参考;为实现餐饮业投诉举报风险的早期预警提供了科学数据和技术支持。     

中产阶层对于自身政治参与有效性的评价——比较中国与越南中产阶层的政治效能感

本文认为,对于市场经济转型国家,新兴中产阶层政治效能感强弱与国家放权让利的程度有关:国家权力收缩,会增强其政治效能感;当国家给予中产阶层参政议政的空间较小时,专业技术型中产因为远离权力架构,会在政治效能感上弱于管理型中产。     

以创新精神推动毕节试验区的建设

坚持改革创新,大胆实践,敢闯敢试,以创新精神推动毕节试验区建设。推动创新,不断提高创新思维能力,应该体现在各方面,尤其是着力转变经济发展方式,创新发展模式。同时,体制机制要有新突破。创新的关键在人才,坚持在创新实践中发现人才、培育人才、凝聚人才。今天,试验区再次迎来历史性的发展机遇,要努力闯出新路子。     

公安学下设置禁毒学二级学科的必要性

公安学一级学科设置后,有学者建议把禁毒学划归侦查学二级学科之下。笔者认为,这是一种方向性的误区。本文从禁毒学二级学科设置的必要性和该学科与侦查学的研究内容异同进行比较和探讨,并对禁毒学二级学科设置的条件进行分析以及设置的必要性。     

In silico toxicity as a tool for harm reduction: A study of new psychoactive amphetamines and cathinones in the context of criminal science

The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has raised many issues in the context of law enforcement and public drug policies. In this scenario, interdisciplinary studies are crucial to the decision-making process in the field of criminal science. Unfortunately, information about how NPS affect people's health is lacking even though knowledge about the toxic potential of these substances is essential: the more information about these drugs, the greater the possibility of avoiding damage within the scope of a harm reduction policy. Traditional analytical methods may be inaccessible in the field of forensic science because they are relatively expensive and time-consuming. In this sense, less costly and faster in silico methodologies can be useful strategies. In this work, we submitted computer-calculated toxicity values of various amphetamines and cathinones to an unsupervised multivariate analysis, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and to the supervised techniques Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy and Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (SIMCA and PLS-DA) to evaluate how these two NPS groups behave. We studied how theoretical and experimental values are correlated by PLS regression. Although experimental data was available for a small amount of molecules, correlation values reproduced literature values. The in silico method efficiently provided information about the drugs. On the basis of our findings, the technical information presented here can be used in decision-making regarding harm reduction policies and help to fulfill the objectives of criminal science.     

阶级利益、民族利益和全人类利益再思考

国家利益作为国际战略体系构建的出发点,是一个多元的复合体,它包含了阶级利益、民族利益和全人类利益三个维度。社会主义发展的历史上,在认识和处理阶级利益、民族利益和全人类利益的关系方面有着深刻的教训。在全球化时代,应反思和总结过去在认识和处理三种利益的关系方面存在的缺失,做出适应时代需要的新思考。