改革开放以来的新社会阶层与党的群众基础

在中国社会阶级阶层结构的新变化中,出现了新的社会阶层。党员的构成结构也发生了深刻变化,因此对新时期新社会阶层构成进行考察,对于考察党员的构成结构,并能够真实反映我国经济社会结构的现实,从而更好地巩固党的阶级基础、扩大党的群众基础,进而保持党在国家政治生活中的影响力和凝聚力,都具有重要的意义。     

中国特色社会主义工会发展道路与中国特色社会主义道路相互关系的辨证思考

中国特色社会主义工会发展道路与中国特色社会主义道路的关系是当前工会理论研究的重点课题,对于工会找准定位,发挥作用,推动中国特色社会主义发展至关重要。中国特色社会主义工会发展道路的性质和特色,决定于中国特色社会主义道路,其内容又丰富了中国特色社会主义的道路内容。     

Persistence of transferred fragrance on fabrics for forensic reconstruction applications

It has recently been established that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) successfully transfer between clothing even with a short contact of 10 s, highlighting the potential to use VOCs in forensic reconstruction scenarios, such as sexual assault cases. The mid and low volatility compounds transferred in greater amounts than high volatility compounds. This study presents empirical data addressing the persistence of transferred VOCs on clothing for the first time. A series of experiments were carried out to determine the persistence of VOCs on clothing for time periods of up 4 weeks, on natural and synthetic fibres, and at three different environmental temperatures. The data indicate that the highest VOC amounts are generally obtained for shorter persistence times of up to 1 d. Whilst high volatility compounds were not recovered in sufficient amounts to allow quantification, the four other transferred VOCs were successfully quantified for persistence times of up to 4 weeks. The persistence for mid-volatility compounds follows decay curve trends in line with those previously obtained for fibres, glass and pollen. When comparing the persistence of VOCs on a natural and a synthetic fibre, for a persistence time of 1 h, the transferred VOCs were retained on a natural fibre in higher amounts than on a synthetic fibre. However, for longer persistence times the concentration of VOCs was similar between the two fabrics. Lastly, lower environmental temperatures resulted in higher recoveries for most VOCs, especially for short persistence times. These findings demonstrate that optimal recovery of VOCs from clothing occurs when the fabric is kept at cooler temperatures and analysed soon after the fragrance transfer occurred, although VOC recovery was possible at higher temperatures and after longer persistence times. Given the transfer and persistence characteristics of VOCs from fragrance, there is potential for fragrance to be used as a form of trace in forensic reconstruction approaches.     

A stolen revolution: popular class mobilisation in Burkina Faso

ABSTRACT

The political history of Burkina Faso since the formal end of its colonisation is characterised by vibrant mass mobilisation by largely Marxist-oriented labour unions and their allies, namely organisations from the human rights, student, and youth movements. This article traces the development of social mobilisation and protest in Burkina Faso through six historical phases since 1960, including the recent regime change in 2014 that has frequently been referred to as a ‘revolution’. It is argued that the relative success of mass mobilisation in Burkina Faso can be explained through the concept of the unity of the popular classes, building on the basic idea that organised labour and other segments of exploited classes are not distinct from one another.

Abbreviations: ANEB: Association Nationale des Etudiants Burkinabé; CCVC: Coalition nationale de lutte Contre la Vie Chère, la corruption, la fraude, l’impunité et pour les libertés; CDAIP: Coordination des comités de Défense et d’Approfondissement des acquis de l’Insurrection Populaire; CDP: Congrès pour la Démocratie et le Progrès; CDR: Comités de Défense de la Révolution; CGT-B: Confédération Générale du Travail du Burkina; CBTB: Confédération Nationale des Travailleurs du Burkina; CSB: Confédération Syndicale Burkinabé; FO-UNSL: Force Ouvrière – Union Nationale des Syndicats Libres; MBDHP: Mouvement Burkinabé des Droits de l’Homme et des Peuples; MPP: Mouvement du Peuple pour le Progrès; ODJ: Organisation Démocratique de la Jeunesse du Burkina Faso; ONSL: Organisation Nationale des Syndicats Libres; PAI: Parti Africain de l’Indépendance; PCRV: Parti Communiste Révolutionnaire Voltaïque; RSP: Régiment de Sécurité Présidentielle; UAS: Unité d’Action Syndicale; UGEB: Union Générale des Etudiants Burkinabé; UNIR/PS: Union pour la Renaissance/Parti Sankariste; UNSTB: Union Syndicale des Travailleurs du Burkina Faso     

吉登斯社会分层理论述评

吉登斯的社会分层理论集中体现在他的阶级结构化理论中。它以市场能力与准技术关系为轴心进行社会分层,将阶级关系作为一种社会结构,在阶级活动和阶级结构的互动中考察各个阶层的流动。依据“分工的规律是阶级划分的基础”的原则,可以解析其理论认识上的得失,阐明其理论在中国当前构建和谐社会中的现实意义。     

Only Contradictions on Offer

Segal addresses feminism's future at a time when political energies are apparently in decline. She explores the contradictory models of feminism operating in political and media representations: the dominance of gender questions and gender anxieties, including the marked concern with models of 'proper' masculinity, inevitably implicates feminists in the political arena. The decline in political engagement among feminists is in any case disturbing, because women without power have been made the central targets of neo-conservative social policies in the United States, Britain and elsewhere, with the female 'welfare dependent' becoming particularly demonized. The failure of feminists to address such issues results from the decline of socialist feminisms, and a general failure within feminism to make class and race differences, and the inequalities that result from them, the central plank of its theories and politics. Segal calls attention to the divorce between feminist theory and feminist activism, and argues that the politics of the academy have largely contributed to a disciplinary specialization which militates against feminism's productive interdisciplinarity. While the literary paradigms that now dominate feminist thought have produced rich models for subjectivity and identity, the decrease in social science contributions to the field has led to a lessening of attention to existing social relations. Segal insists upon the necessity of a continuing engagement with cultural questions, but argues that these need to be combined with a commitment to radical social transformation if feminisms, in all their complexity and multifariousness, are to have a future.     

20世纪初美国法学与心理学的交叉研究及反思

二十世纪初,美国法学进行了一场与心理学的交叉研究尝试。心理学家闵斯特伯格首倡进行法学与心理学的交叉研究,受到著名法学家威格摩尔的激烈反击以及一些心理学家的反对。但是,也有部分心理学家随后开始进行法律行为实验研究及法律心理学研究,法学界的著名学者哈钦斯针对一系列具体主题进行法学与心理学的交叉研究,而威格摩尔在反击之后也开始在这一领域展开研究。此次交叉研究为二战后行为法学派在美国法学界的兴起提供了基础。我们可以由此思考法学对于交叉研究的接受度,以及那个时代心理学影响法学研究的可能。并通过20世纪美国法学各类交叉研究的繁荣,反思我国当下司法实践的现代化变革及法学研究范式的发展。     

集体行动的“微观基础”:埃尔斯特对马克思阶级理论的重构

马克思主义阶级理论研究在近年来呈复兴之势。作为分析的马克思主义的重要代表人物,埃尔斯特运用方法论个人主义、理性选择理论,从集体行动理论视角,对马克思的阶级理论(阶级定义、阶级意识和阶级斗争)进行了分析的重构,以求奠定马克思阶级理论的微观基础。埃尔斯特对于社会宏观现象背后微观基础的探寻,以及研究方法论的创新,对于我们坚持和发展马克思主义有一定的借鉴意义。但埃尔斯特泛化了阶级概念,其阶级理论的去政治化无意中为资本主义提供了一种合法化的佐证。而作为工具的方法论个人主义的缺陷致使他对马克思的文本和集体行动理论存在某些误读。     

从马克思主义的回归到共产主义的复兴——三论中国化的马克思主义与中国特色社会主义

马克思和恩格斯都是"共产主义者",而不是"社会主义者".中国特色的社会主义与修正主义者的"社会主义"之间的最大区别在于:前者以共产主义作为奋斗目标,后者只承认社会主义,不承认共产主义.中国要打造"中等收入群体",这同修正主义者制造"中产阶级"有着原则区别.共同富裕是可能的,"人人都变成资本家"却是修正主义者的幻想.只有...     

贵州体验旅游试析

体验经济时代的旅游者不再满足于传统单一的观光旅游而是希望从深度体验旅游中获得独特的感受、拓展开阔的知识、获得丰富的心灵滋养.贵州独特的非物质文化遗产为开发体验旅游产品提供了丰富的资源,贵州非物质文化遗产的保护应与旅游产业结合.科学保护贵州非物质文化遗产与开发贵州体验旅游资源的关键就在于改变贵州旅游产品的思路和模式,变以"大量销售"为主导的观光旅游产品模式为"深度营销"为主导的体验旅游产品模式.