具体行政不作为的概念分析

有关国家机关至今没有对具体行政不作为作出明确界定,当有关国家机关在使用这个概念时,其内涵与外延不统一,理论界对这一概念的界定也比较混乱。具体行政不作为应只有违法这一种情形,它既不同于否定性具体行政行为,也不同于不作为具体行政行为。从有利于保护行政相对人合法权益的角度,从法理和实践两个层面来衡量,具体行政不作为既包括依法应为而行政主体就连形式上也不为的纯粹性情形,也包括行政程序未终结的非纯粹性情形。具体行政不作为的构成要件应包括知悉要件、职权要件、期限要件和程序要件。     

项目风险管理与信息和决策

决策在现代化管理中占有很重要的地位，决策已由过去的经验决策转变为信息化决策。决策存在着风险，风险的产生很重要的因素是决策者没有全面、准确掌握信息，没有能很好分析、提炼、综合信息。以项目风险管理为例，阐述在信息化时代应该充分应用专家系统、决策支持系统等信息系统，为决策、风险管理等现代化管理提供支持。     

行政决策专家论证制度研究

在“公众参与、专家论证和政府决策相结合”的公共决策体制下，各种形式的专家论证实践如火如荼地展开，关于专家论证的各类规范性文件也相继出台。然而繁华场景的背后却隐藏着危机。所谓的“专家失灵”问题日益突出，一种新型的垄断性结构产生并得到巩固——“知识和权力”的垄断。     

澳大利亚联邦法院对专家证据的采纳

I. Introduction
The opinion evidence of experts is an exception to the general rule that witnesses can only give evidence of that which they have seen or heard and may not give evidence of inferences which arise from their observations and from that which they have heard.     

论专家辅助人资格的审查

专家辅助人制度是近年来我国诉讼法确立的一项新制度，无论在理论研究层面，还是在立法层面，乃至实践操作层面，专家辅助人资格的认定标准和认定程序都存在不足。在域外，存在与我国专家辅助人相似的一些制度，比如英美法系的专家证人制度、美国的法院之友、英国的技术陪审员、意大利的技术顾问、日本的诉讼辅佐人制度等，这些国家在规定这些制度时都对专家的资格审查、认定设立了相应的标准和程序。笔者在借鉴域外相关国家和地区法律规定的同时，结合中国现实国情，从专家辅助人的资格认定标准、资格审查程序以及其他辅助性制度等三方面提出建议。     

The impact of different types of expert scientific testimony on mock jurors’ liability verdicts

Participants in two experiments acted as jurors for a personal-injury case containing different types of expert testimony. In both experiments, the defendant was more likely to obtain a verdict in his favor when his expert presented anecdotal case histories than when the expert presented experimental data. Participants’ liability judgments were correlated with their perceptions of the experts’ credibility (experiments 1 and 2) and were moderated somewhat by their need for cognition and preference for numerical information (experiment 2). The results are discussed in terms of reasoning heuristics such as the base-rate fallacy.     

刑事诉讼专家辅助人出庭的观点争议及其解决思路

我国2012年修改的《刑事诉讼法》和《民事诉讼法》对“有专门知识的人”的规定相当简略,尤其是其出庭“适用鉴定人的有关规定”表述．不仅存在“有专门知识的人”是作为专家证人还是专家辅助人之争论．而且还引发是否有必要界定为中立的鉴定人诉讼地位之分歧。基于此．“有专门知识的人”参与法庭是否需要准入限制、法庭如何行使审查权限以及是否适用回避制度、其权利义务如何确定、如何在法庭上进行质证、其质证的效力如何以及在法庭上应安排何种位置等问题需要理论予以澄清．而理论需要结合我国司法制度与诉讼制度的要求及其功能作出具有规范意义的诠释．     

The Impact of Negative Forensic Evidence on Mock Jurors’ Perceptions of a Trial of Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault

Legal concerns with regard to the adverse impact of a negative toxicological screening for date-rape drugs in a case of drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) were the focus of a recent Canadian case (R. v. Alouache, 2003). To assess the impact of a negative forensic report, as well as the impact of expert testimony explaining the many factors that may contribute to a negative outcome, participants (N=171) received a written trial stimulus in which the forensic evidence (negative report, negative report plus expert testimony, no negative report and no expert testimony control) and the complainant's beverage consumption (alcohol, cola) were systematically varied. Results indicate that a negative finding in the absence of expert testimony produced greater verdict leniency and more favourable evaluations of the defendant's case. In contrast, no differences were found between the case in which the expert testified and a case in which the negative report and expert testimony were omitted.

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论司法鉴定意见的证据属性审查

司法鉴定是在诉讼活动中鉴定人运用科学技术或者专门知识对诉讼涉及的专门性问题进行鉴别和判断并提供鉴定意见的活动。司法鉴定意见与一般证据既有联系又有区别。与国外司法鉴定意见证据属性审查制度相较，我国司法鉴定意见证据属性审查制度存有一定缺陷，应当在借鉴的基础上加以完善。     

从民事诉讼视角论对鉴定结论的质疑与审查

在民事诉讼证据中,鉴定结论是一种重要的法定证据种类。文章主要结合两大法系各自鉴定制度的特点与我国现行立法的规定,论证了鉴定结论的证据地位及其局限性以明确对鉴定结论质疑与审查的必要性;探讨了在对鉴定结论质疑和审查中存在的问题和我国现行立法对其进行的完善,以期从程序方面保证鉴定结论的公正性,正确发挥鉴定结论的证据作用。