物证鉴定证据应用层级论

用物证鉴定结论证明犯罪需要经过推理过程,将物证来源鉴定结论转化为嫌疑人行为推论,后者再作为法律事实证明嫌疑人是否有罪。物证鉴定证据应用的递进证明关系,可以用由依次推理关系连接的物证来源结论层、行为推论层和定罪层构成的物证鉴定层级模型描述。该模型可直观表达和评估物证鉴定结论证据应用效力。     

《加强美国法庭科学之路》的反响和启示

美国科学院国家研究顾问委员会2009年2月发布的《加强美国法庭科学之路》明确指出目前美国法庭科学领域的很多学科存在严重缺陷,不能很好地为司法审判服务。本文通过对该报告出台背景和一年多来的争论和反响进行分析,对其披露的问题和提出的建议进行了详细解读。目前其主要争议存在于设立独立的国家法庭科学研究院和隔离法庭科学机构与执法...     

意见证据规则要义——以美国为视角

意见证据规则是证据规则的重要组成部分。尽管意见证据规则在我国的立法层面已初步确立,但相关的理论研究仍然十分薄弱。鉴于意见证据规则在美国适用最为广泛,发展最为成熟,本文力图以美国为例,全面介绍意见证据规则的基本内容,分析其价值内涵、法理基础,阐释其适用的难点,探讨专家意见可靠性的属性定位,研究意见证据规则下终极问题原则基本被废弃的根本原因及专家意见受到的限制,进而就意见证据规则在我国的适用提出管见。     

标本兼治,解决“执行难”——民事强制执行法专家建议稿起草问题研究

制定独立的民事强制执行法是大势所趋、众望所归。民事强制执行法专家建议稿坚持“站在客观公正的立场 ,坚持按规律办事 ,确保既解决现实问题又适应长远发展”的指导思想 ,总结我国民事强制执行工作的经验 ,吸收域外立法的合理成份 ,构建了我国未来的民事强制执行制度。     

The Place for Custody Evaluations in Family Peacemaking

Custody evaluations can serve the dual purpose of providing neutral, objective information to the court while also contributing to the possibility of earlier settlement, which coincides with the therapeutic jurisprudence goal of more positive outcomes for children and families. Research suggests that most cases settle after custody evaluations. However, most of the literature is focused on the use of custody evaluations for litigation. Evaluators, attorneys, and mental health consultants can influence parents to focus more on children's needs and less on their conflict as they go through the evaluation process. This article urges family courts to develop processes and require professionals to learn skills needed for an interdisciplinary process to utilize evaluations in peacemaking.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• All custody evaluation processes should aim to reduce and/or shorten children's exposure to parental conflict.
• Evaluators, attorneys, and mental health professional consultants should use the evaluation process to influence parents to be more aware of their children's needs and less invested in their adversarial positions.
• Evaluators should learn to write and orally present information and state opinions with consideration of the parents themselves as consumers of the custody evaluation as well as the court.
• Attorneys and mental health professional consultants should help clients review the report, process their emotional reactions, and consider their options for settlement versus litigation in terms of emotional and financial costs to the family.
• Court processes should be developed to contain the time and cost of custody evaluations and provide dispute resolution after custody evaluations.

     

医疗损害鉴定意见存在问题与对策

鉴定意见作为专门性问题的鉴定结果,是诉讼案件得以正确处理的重要依据,其对诉讼结果的影响不言自明。鉴定意见不仅关乎证据制度,也涉及司法体系和诉讼程序。医疗领域的诉讼因裁判者囿于知识的局限,鉴定意见的作用更为突出。长期以来,鉴定问题已严重影响到司法裁判的效率与公正。本文通过梳理鉴定意见在医疗损害诉讼各环节中存在的问题,剖析鉴定方式、鉴定主体、文书内容以及审查采信方面等问题的成因,提出确立以自然人为中心的“鉴定人——专家辅助人”的“双翼”医疗损害鉴定人制度,规范鉴定意见内容和表述方式,完善质证程序等措施。     

中国司法鉴定的古代史

公元前7世纪至公元前5世纪,是我国司法物证出现的萌芽时期,我国司法鉴定活动中以法医学为代表的最早时期也是出现在周朝。秦代在审理案件时,已相当重视和广泛使用各种司法物证,指纹的运用就出现在该时代。东汉时已形成简单的法医检验初步方法。三国时期司法物证检验的范围较前代有所发展扩大,从死因检验、伤痕鉴定,到笔迹检验、弹丸鉴定均有出现。以后各代出现了大量法医学著作。     

测谎结论证据价值分析

测谎结论对案件事实具有明显的证明作用而具有证明力 ,但在我国因法律没有明确赋予其合法性而不具证明能力。我国应在立法上明确赋予测谎结论合法性 ,将其纳入到刑事诉讼证据的体系中 ,明确规定其为认定事实和定罪量刑的依据 ;同时应尽快完善测谎技术、更新测谎设备和培养专业技术人员     

Getting Rich Before Getting Old or Vice Versa？

正REGARDING China’s economic and social outlook,there are two contending views in the domestic and overseas academic world.One predicts that China will get affluent before becoming an aging society,and the other holds the opposite opinion.A comprehensive and dynamic analysis is needed before reaching a conclusion.Complex Factors in Economic Growth Total Factor Productivity(TFP)is the most accepted measurement through which to judge total inputs’output productivity,that is,the ratio of total output to total inputs.TFP includes technological progress,organizational innovation,professionalism,etc.An increase of this index refl ects the progress of science and technology.High