The development of policy actors involved in the Bologna reform in Ukraine

The Bologna Process is an international policy project for the convergence of higher education structures in the European Higher Education Area. Most of the literature on Bologna represents studies that focus on the implementation implications of the reforms. The focus on the reform process, particularly in relation to the development process of Bologna policy actors, has been under-represented in the literature. This article investigates the process of the development of the main policy actors involved in the Bologna reform in the case of Ukraine. The timeframe includes the pre-history of Bologna since Ukrainian independence in 1991 until after the introduction of the relevant policy changes in 2003, and through to the issue of 2014 Law on Higher Education. Empirical data were collected through interviews with higher education actors in Ukraine and policy document search. Both types of data were thematically analyzed. The analysis in this article is informed by the policy learning theory and demonstrates the interconnection between path-dependency and change in the development of policy actors in the Bologna reform in Ukraine. This article shows that the old clusters of higher education actors, and the pre-Bologna relationships amongst some of them have been reproduced during the Bologna reform. At the same time, such a reproduction of the old during the reform was only partial as the Bologna Process has also been altering the relationships among some actors to an extent.     

肾康颗粒提取工艺的正交实验

目的:优选肾康颗粒提取工艺.方法:以浸膏得率及黄芪甲苷含量为指标,采用正交验法.结果:最佳工艺为:以400 ml/L乙醇为提取溶媒,加液量10倍,提取3次,每次1 h.     

思想政治教育过程论及其相关研究的现状视域

思想政治教育过程论是思想政治教育学基础理论研究中的薄弱环节,其原因是对思想政治教育过程论及其相关领域的研究现状缺乏深入的了解和研究。思想政治教育过程研究应借鉴相关领域的研究成果,哲学过程论为思想政治教育过程论提供了理论基础和方法论,教育过程和德育过程的研究对思想政治教育过程论具有直接的指导意义和借鉴意义。思想政治教育过程论尚处在起步阶段,其研究有待拓展空间,以便将研究引向深入。     

Public Law and Popular Justice

Group litigation is becoming commonplace. Rules of standing have been relaxed to allow groups to bring representative actions on behalf of their members or to act 'in the public interest'. Groups increasingly intervene in actions between third parties, presenting amicus briefs. This article traces the origins of group action in courts and speculates on the possible effects of changes which blur traditional distinctions between legal and political process, concluding that the legal process must be kept broadly within traditional boundaries, if the qualities of independence, rationality and finality for which it is valued are to be maintained.     

美国市政体制改革:背景、过程与发展趋势

在 1 9世纪末 2 0世纪初的城市化浪潮中 ,美国市政体制由单一的弱市长制逐渐演进为强市长制、委员会制和经理制。这一变化的根本原因在于经济基础的变动。三种新型体制的出现揭开了 2 0世纪初美国市政体制一系列重大调整的序幕 ,从而促进了城市问题的解决 ,同时探寻到一条现代化条件下推进民主政治的道路     

新文学的诞生与“革命”话语——中国新文学发生期的一种政治文化的阐释

本文从政治文化的视角 ,重新审视了 2 0世纪 2 0年代新文学发生期的文学革命 ,认为她由历史深层的思想启蒙、语言体式的变更、人的文学的确立 ,构成了一条内在整合的政治文化理路。五四文学革命充分揭示了个体文学家的创作心理与群体社会政治文化行为的一致性 ,同时 ,又反映出文学作为文化的载体 ,二者构成一种复杂的互动过程。     

我国现代化进程中的多元复合转型特征

中国已进入一个从传统社会向现代社会快速转型的关键时期 ,多元复合转型是其基本特征 ,具体体现在从乡村社会向城市社会快速转型等七个方面。多元复合转型既呈现出不同领域中具体转型的多元特征 ,又表现出各个转型之间相互渗透、相互交织。正确分析和准确把握现代化进程中的多元复合转型特征 ,是科学进行战略选择、迅速提升国家竞争力的前提和基础     

包产到户的历史考察与启示——以福建为例

本文回顾了福建农民对包产到户独立的探索历程,强调在新时期农村现代化建设中,要以史为鉴,尊重农民群众的首创精神,保护农民的切身利益,调动农民的积极性,不断探索农村公有制的有效实现形式,促进城乡经济社会协调发展.     

Diplomatic Rivalries and Cultural One-upmanship: New Zealand’s Long Quest to Become More Pacific than Australia

Abstract

New Zealand’s governmental and non-governmental agencies, academic commentators and media have long framed the country as uniquely and favourably positioned on cultural grounds to be a strategic diplomatic actor in the South Pacific. Justifications for the framing stem from two linked complexes: the history of New Zealand’s colonial and post-colonial involvement in a number of Polynesian territories in the Pacific; and the related history of relations between settlers and indigenes in New Zealand itself. These different strands of the argument have increasingly been brought together by the growth in numbers of New Zealand-born and domiciled Pacific Islanders. They, along with Maori, have been recruited into the diplomatic service and overtly contribute to the use of Polynesian encounter rituals in New Zealand’s diplomatic outreach. Such histories are used to justify New Zealand’s role in the Pacific in its relations with other external powers, especially in diplomatic jostling with Australia. The claims to special insight and cultural capital are subjected to critical scrutiny.     

我国电子废弃物回收处理研究——基于生产者责任延伸制度

当前,我国电子废弃物回收处理存在一些问题,为此,应结合我国企业的发展实际,尽快建立和完善以生产者责任延伸制度为切入点的电子废弃物回收与处理体系,从根本上解决电子废弃物对环境的负面影响。