法的功能和法的作用辨异

法的功能和法的作用是形式上相似而实质上有别的两个事物。法的功能是法所固有的内在属性,而法的作用是被赋予和设定的;法的功能是法所固有的稳定属性,而法的作用则需常有变动;法的功能是法所固有的应然属性,而法的作用则具有现实的指向。法的功能主要是描述性的,法律人应把握法的功能的天然禀性,尊重法的规律来发现和表述法的功能,使法的功能的潜质尽可能得以实现,而不要去做形式上所谓“充分发挥”而实质上则属于画蛇添足的徒劳工作。法的作用主要是规定性的,法律人应在充分利用既有条件的基础上,更好地创设和发挥法的作用,使其能够适合国家、社会和公民生活的实际需求。     

NGO在我国未成年人非刑罚处置中的功效

未成年人违法犯罪成为一个较为严重的社会问题，非刑罚处置的功能和作用亟待加强；NGO组织的天然优势使其成为实施未成年人非刑罚处置的必然选择；NGO组织在未成年人非刑罚处置中的功效显著。     

统战文化在提升福建文化软实力中的突出作用研究

文化软实力是一个国家整体实力和综合竞争力的重要内容。提高福建文化软实力,必须增强文化的凝聚力,拓展文化的吸纳力,增进文化的传承力,强化文化的感染力,激发文化的创造力,增强文化的传播力,引导人们正确的价值取向。统战文化在这一过程中发挥着举足轻重的作用。本文结合福建统战文化的实践和经验,研究统战文化在提升福建文化软实力中的地位和作用。     

社会主义发展信念的效力浅析

本文从分析信念构成和信念效力问题出发,论述了社会主义信念的革命特征和社会主义信念效力的历史表现。在此基础上,分析论证了社会主义信念的现时形态——社会主义发展信念的弱化原因,并提出积极的应对措施。     

政府规制的“成本—收益分析”:作用、内涵及其规制效应评估

本文回顾了对成本收益分析的争议,对规制成本、规制收益的内涵进行了探讨,并就其中影响规制成本和收益构成的主要因素作了重点分析;随后,对影响净收益的基线的选择,折旧率大小的确定进行了阐述。本文还介绍了一般均衡分析和局部均衡分析在评估规制效应中的适用情况,并强调指出应高度关注规制动态性和激励性规制在规制效应分析中的作用。文章最后认为,应逐步引入成本—收益的规制分析理念,提高政府规制有效性;高度重视因成本收益不平衡分布引发的问题;积极采取措施,降低因规制引发的复杂性程度。     

Between Chaos and Diversity: Is Social Memory Studies a Field?

Is (or are) memory studies, social or otherwise, a field? If so, does anything hold it together beyond the mere use of the phrase “collective memory”? Memory studies is simultaneously still in its charismatic phase, though it no longer has a right to be, as well as highly resistant to efforts to escape from it, though it clearly needs to do so. To be a field, it needs a memory of its own.     

Life-cycle effects on social pressure to vote

Recent scholarship reveals social pressure can compel citizens to conform to social norms like voting in elections. In this study, we investigate heterogeneity in the impact of social pressure to vote. We find that age, a key demographic characteristic, moderates the impact of social pressure. Using evidence from a large-scale randomized field experiment conducted in August 2006, we show that older voters are significantly more responsive to social pressure compared to younger voters. Given the emerging consensus that social pressure can be marshaled effectively to stimulate voting in elections, such investigations yield critical insights of both practical and theoretical significance.     

中国财政政策对居民消费需求的非对称效应——基于流动性约束视角下一个新的分析框架

政府运用财政政策扩大居民消费需求,除了需要科学抉择政策取向之外,政策力度和节奏的把握也非常关键。本文在Tagkalakis研究的基础上,首先提出了中国财政政策对居民消费非对称性效应研究的理论框架,然后建立财政政策冲击对居民消费影响的经济计量分析模型,利用1999—2009年中国省际面板数据估计了政府消费冲击、税收冲击以及预期可支配收入对居民消费的影响,并在此基础上进一步考察流动性约束在财政政策冲击对居民消费产生非对称性影响中的作用。实证结果表明财政政策冲击在好与坏两个时期之间对居民消费产生了显著的非对称性凯恩斯效应。其中在坏的时期,政府消费冲击与税收冲击对居民消费影响效应的绝对幅度相对较大。虽然国外理论界认为非对称性效应产生的原因复杂,本文认为在我国财政政策冲击对居民消费产生非对称性效应的原因中,流动性约束起到了非常重要的作用。另外,预期可支配收入因是否面临流动性约束而对不同类型消费者的消费需求影响发生方向性改变。     

THE COGNITIVE INTERVIEW AND ITS EFFECT ON WITNESSES’ CONFIDENCE

Today there is ample evidence that the Cognitive Interview (CI) enhances witnesses’ memory. However, less is known about how the CI affects eyewitnesses’ confidence. To address this shortcoming we conducted a study analyzing how realism in confidence was affected by the CI. All participants (n=79) were first shown a filmed kidnapping. After 2 weeks we interviewed one-third of the participants according to the guidelines of the CI, one-third according to a Standard Interview (SI), and one-third were not interviewed at all (Control condition). Participants in all three conditions were then asked to answer 45 forced-choice questions, and to give a confidence judgment after each choice. For the 45 questions, no differences in accuracy were found between the three conditions. Confidence was higher in the CI and SI conditions, compared with the Control condition. CI and SI did not differ in metacognitive realism but both showed lower realism compared with the Control condition, although only CI significantly so. The results indicate that the inflation in confidence is more likely to be explained in terms of a reiteration effect, than as a consequence of the particular mnemonics characterizing the CI (e.g. “mental reinstatement of context”). In sum, CI does not seem to impair (or improve) the realism in witnesses’ confidence, and does not inflate confidence in erroneous recall, compared to a SI.