试述光复初期台鸽粮荒及政府之对策

光复后不久，台湾即遭遇粮荒，主要表现为粮价高昂。粮荒源于日据时期的粮食短缺，主要原因是战争破坏了台湾农业生产的条件。台湾粮食匮乏程度不如大陆严重，但价格高涨，对习于配给而又极少经历粮荒的台湾民众来说，形成巨大的心理震撼和生活压力。台湾省行政长官公署先是沿用日据时期的食粮配给制度，后放弃配给制度，允许粮食自由流通，但采取各种措施加以控制。与此同时，政府积极洽购粮食和肥料，试图增加粮产缓解粮荒。长官公署的种种措施有利于缓解粮荒。     

Electoral Incentives and Individual Parliament Members’ Rights

Cameral procedures define the modus operandi of a parliament. This article examines how the electoral environment affects parliaments’ rules of procedures and legislators’ rights. It argues that when the electoral environment motivates legislators to act individualistically governments are incentivised to restrict cameral procedures to curtail legislators’ behaviour. Materialising such incentives depends on the government’s ability to pass restrictive procedural changes. To test the assertion, four decades (1967–2007) of amendments to the Israeli Knesset’s rules of procedure were examined and support provided for co-variation of the electoral environment and restrictive Knesset’s procedures. The analysis then details the factors that enabled Israeli governments to pass such restrictive measures. Indeed, governments seem to use the rules of procedure strategically in their attempt to improve their control and curtail legislators’ behaviour.     

论"一国两制"下香港特别行政区行政长官的特殊法律地位

香港基本法明确规定 :香港特别行政区行政长官既是香港特别行政区的首长 ,也是香港特别行政区政府的首长。这说明行政长官在法律地位上具有双重身份。运用比较研究的方法 ,深入研究行政长官这一特殊法律地位的特性表现 ,并从行政长官所拥有的职权 ,进一步考察行政长官的职权与其特殊法律地位的关系 ,将有助于全面了解香港特别行政区行政长官的角色特征     

原因自由行为可罚性之论证

原因自由行为,是指行为人由于故意或过失使自己陷于无责任能力状态,并在此状态下实施的危害社会的行为。根据刑法中的行为理论,在原因自由行为中,结果行为不具有刑法意义,原因行为与结果行为之间存在直接的因果关系,原因行为才应当被认定为实行行为。     

先买权新论——从先买权的性质和行使谈我国先买权立法的完善

先买权的性质具有阶段性。在不同的阶段,先买权的性质分别为期待权、订约请求权和形成权。先买权的行使也具有阶段性,分为双方协商阶段和单方行使阶段。对我国先买权立法提出相应建议。     

诱惑侦查之基准:合法性原则和最后手段原则

合法性原则和最后手段原则是诱惑侦查司法准则的核心内容。合法性原则以诱惑侦查的强制侦查属性为基础,要求侦查机关和侦查人员在实施诱惑侦查过程中应严格遵照法定的条件和程序,并以符合法律规定的方法正当地实施,以追求客观、合法、有效的侦查结果。最后手段原则足以合法性原则为前提,并以侦查比例原则为理论基础,将诱惑侦查限定为侦查方法系统中的最后一环,是不得已而采用的最后方法。     

Authoritarian backsliding and the concentration of political power

This article introduces the concept of authoritarian backsliding as a class of strategies for the concentration of incumbent political power in hybrid regimes. Such actions include manipulating elections, violating civil liberties, creating an extremely uneven playing field for the opposition, and reducing the institutional constraints on executive power. While often falling short of a full regime change, backsliding can significantly alter the level of political competition in a country and reduce the quality of its political life. This article develops a theoretically-grounded strategy to identify and measure backsliding events since 1989, showing that they have been much more common than is typically appreciated. The article also shows the utility of the concept of backsliding for better understanding regime stability. Using cross-national analysis of backsliding events from 1989–2004, we find that threats such as opposition electoral gains or economic crises in resource-dependent regimes create incentives for authoritarian backsliding.     

公益诉讼裁判的法律效力及其延伸

公益诉讼裁判法律效果的实现及其延伸是公益诉讼制度设计和实践运作的难点问题,本文区分群体性、个体公益性诉讼的不同模式,分别从既判力主观扩张、预决事实拘束力、判例效力和判决执行力四个方面架构公益诉讼裁判的效力体系,充分论证公益诉讼裁判效力延伸的可能性和正当性,并结合我国司法实践提出可行性操作方案．以实现公益诉讼有效维护社会整体公共利益的价值预设。     

Detecting concealed information: The role of individual differences in executive functions and social desirability

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between deception efficiency and individual differences in executive functioning (EF) and personality, with a particular focus on the influence of social desirability. A mock crime scenario was used, followed by a Concealed Information Test based on reaction times (RT-based CIT). Individual measures of EF (inhibition, shifting, and working memory [WM]) and personality (the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised, EPQ-R), plus a measure of social desirability (Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, BIDR) were collected in a distinct session. Results indicated that better executive functions were associated with faster responses to irrelevant items in the RT-based CIT. In a regression analysis, individual differences in shifting and spatial WM were significant predictors of the extra-time taken to lie, compare to truth-telling. No significant relations between deception outcomes and personality measures were noted. Looking at social desirability, the Impression Management scale predicted a further portion of variance in the extra time required to lie, beyond the contribution of executive functions. The utility of an individual differences approach to deception is advocated.     

Role-Switching in the Dutch Parliament: Reinvigorating Role Theory?

The lack of explanatory power of roles in the study of legislative behaviour has led to questioning of the utility of role theory. The problem may be that scholars tend to focus on classifying legislators according to one role orientation, thereby running the risk of oversimplification. Using questions from the 1990, 2001 and 2006 Dutch Parliamentary Studies, this study explores whether MPs specialise in a particular role or switch between roles depending on the situation at hand. A general trend towards specialisation in the partisan role is detected, accompanied by a decrease in the number of role-switching MPs. Furthermore, it is found that whereas government MPs tend to specialise in the role of the parliamentarian, opposition MPs are more prone to put on their partisan hats.