Age-Period-Cohort analysis: A design-based approach

This paper develops a design-based approach to identifying cohort effects in APC analyses. Cohort effects arise when one cohort is treated by a unique set of formative socialization experiences, which causes it to differ from other cohorts in relevant outcomes. APC analyses typically compare treated and untreated cohorts from a single population. Our approach introduces a second group—a control group, in which no unit is treated but that is otherwise similar to the first—and adapts difference-in-differences estimation to the APC framework. The approach yields two identification strategies, each based on transparent and testable assumptions. We illustrate how the method works and what is to be gained through three examples.     

论火灾现场起火点的认定

现场勘查是刑侦工作的重要内容。在对各类案事件现场的勘查中,涉及到火灾有关的现场虽不多见,但仍然有可能碰到。而起火点的分析判断对于火灾事故的认定具有关键性作用。由于不同火场的起火原因各不相同,又受到各种因素的影响,对于起火点的认定有相当难度。在实际工作中,我们可以根据燃烧特征来判断起火点,根据火的蔓延痕迹来判断起火点,根据现场访问的情况来综合判断起火点。     

论颅像重合技术在命案侦破中的作用

颅像重合鉴定结果对案件的侦破起着关键的作用。在众多的人群中存在两个颅骨在生理结构上,各相应点的位置完全相同的概率很低,其相同的可能性几乎不存在,使颅像重合用于对无名尸身源的个体识别成为可能。     

从分野到整合:我国医疗鉴定体制的现实及重构

当前,我国的医疗鉴定体制呈现出两种鉴定制度——医疗事故技术鉴定与医疗过错司法鉴定并立共存的二元态势。但由于各种制度及价值的导向作用,近年来医疗过错司法鉴定已逐步发展成为解决医疗纠纷的主流鉴定方式。尽管如此,其自身痼疾犹在,医疗过错司法鉴定仍然无力取代医疗事故技术鉴定而独当一面。鉴于此,我国医疗鉴定体制的改革与重构应着眼于两大鉴定资源的科学整合,以最终实现医疗鉴定体制的协调与统一。     

The quantification of fingerprint quality using a relative contrast index

Research into fingermark enhancement techniques has traditionally used visual comparisons and qualitative methods to assess their effectiveness based on the quality of the developed fingermark. However, with increasing research into the optimisation of these techniques the need for a quantitative evaluative method has arisen. Parameters for acceptable fingerprint quality are not well defined and generally encompass clear, sharp edges and high levels of contrast between the fingermark ridges and background material. Using these current parameters, a conclusive measurement of fingerprint quality and thus the effectiveness of development techniques cannot be achieved.This study presents a model through which an aspect of fingerprint quality can be objectively and impartially measured based on a relative contrast index, constructed through measuring the reflective intensity of the fingermark ridges against the background material. Using a fibre-optic spectrophotometer attached to a microscope with axial illumination, the intensity counts of the ridge detail and background material were measured and a logarithmic contrast index constructed. The microscope and spectrophotometer parameters were experimentally tested using a standard colour resolution chart with known reflective properties. The protocol was successfully applied to four sample groups: black inked fingerprints on white paper; latent fingermarks on white paper developed separately with ninhydrin and physical developer; and fingermarks in blood deposited on white tiles and enhanced with amido black. The contrast indices obtained quantitatively reflect the level of contrast and provide an indication of fingerprint quality through a numerical representation rather than previous qualitative methods. It has been suggested that the proposed method of fingerprint quantification may be viable for application in the forensic research arena as it allows the definitive measurement of contrast to aid the evaluation of fingermark detection and enhancement techniques.     

Genetic analysis of fingerprints—Could WGA or nested-PCR be alternatives to the increase of PCR cycles number?

In this work we aimed to compare the application of increasing PCR cycle number, whole genome amplification and nested-PCR on fingerprints genetic analysis. Results were compared for correct alleles, allele dropin and allelic dropout. We concluded that increasing the number of PCR cycles is yet the best way to attain the required sensitivity.     

薄层色谱梯度展开法鉴别牡丹皮和徐长卿配方颗粒

目的:建立牡丹皮和徐长卿配方颗粒的薄层色谱鉴别方法.方法:采用10 cm×10 cm硅胶吸附剂薄层板和两种溶剂系统,梯度展开薄层色谱法.结果:荧光薄层板在254 nm下观察和显色剂显色均显示牡丹皮配方颗粒有丹皮酚和芍药苷特征斑点,徐长卿配方颗粒有丹皮酚特征斑点.结论:所建立的薄层色谱法专属性强,重复性好,能简单有效地实现牡丹皮和徐长卿配方颗粒的鉴别.     

中国政治合法性的理念基础及其当代认同——兼论马克思主义指导思想教育的本质

政治合法性是一个普遍存在的问题,理念上的合法是政治合法性的重要基础和来源之一.中国的历代统治者都非常注重统治的合法性理念支持,但他们创造的以"天命"说为核心的意识形态固有的缺陷无法真正保证其统治的合法性,使其难免改朝换代的命运.当代中国,在政治合法性的理念基础构建和宣传方面也曾出现过误区,马克思主义才是当代中国政治合法性理念基础的核心,马克思主义指导思想教育的本质就是实现当代中国政治合法性的理念认同.     

客机失事的法医学鉴定——附一例报告

本文报告了1985年1月18日,中国民航 B-434(安-24)号客机在济南失事的法医学鉴定。机上乘员41人,死38人,伤3人。死难中以撞击伤(大部四肢骨折)和烧伤为主。死因主要是脏器的严重损坏、创伤性休克、大出血。部分死于烧伤。个人识别是空难法医学鉴定的主要内容,本例主要采用体貌鉴别和个人遗物鉴别(占90％),得到满意结果。本文讨论了客机失事的法医学处理问题,还就作者实践并结合国外经验提出我国飞机失事法医学鉴定程序的设想。