Forensic odontology lessons: multishooting incident at Port Arthur, Tasmania

On Sunday 28 April 1996 a lone gunman killed and injured many people at the historic penal settlement ruins at Port Arthur in South Eastern Tasmania, Australia. Thirty-two victims were shot dead and 19 were injured in a short time inside a cafe and along the roadway leading to the site entrance. The gunman then took one hostage to a nearby guest house which was occupied by a married couple. Police stood siege during the night. Early the next day the cottage began to burn and a man suspected to be the gunman eventually ran unarmed from the building with his clothes alight and was arrested. The house burned to the ground. Three bodies were later located in the burnt ruins.Forensic odontology played a role in the retrieval of evidence and identification of the incinerated victims. Lack of antemortem dental records for one victim necessitated the reliance on a single CT scan radiograph for matching with the remains. Fire scene procedures, evidence collection and other issues were reviewed.The overwhelming scale of this tragedy and its adverse effects on the Tasmanian community, especially the victims’ families and survivors, cannot be overestimated. While acknowledging this, it is important that lessons are learnt from tragedies such as these. This paper is presented with a view to assisting forensic odontologists in the investigation of complex incidents.     

Improved method for DFO development of latent fingerprints

A new formulation has been developed for DFO stock solution. The working DFO solution, based on the new stock solution, appears to be more stable, has a longer shelf life, and has little effect on inks (and therefore does not cause inks to run). Photoluminescence spectra of latent fingerprints developed with DFO reagent have been measured and the choice of filters for excitation and emission (barrier) have been derived from these measurements. Comparisons of latent fingerprints developed with ninhydrin and DFO have been made using various papers and at various intensities. These comparisons show the much greater sensitivity of DFO developed latent fingerprints. Although enhanced ninhydrin and DFO develop latent fingerprints with similar sensitivity, the DFO process is much simpler.     

身份认同:Cosplay亚文化的实践意义

Cosplay即角色扮演,是一种真人扮演动漫、游戏等文化产品中人物和情节的青少年游戏活动。在网络新媒体的助推下,Cosplay族群及其文化实践活动不断壮大,迅速成为当下社会一种无法忽视的青少年亚文化现象。戏剧性的人物扮演、易装和性别气质的颠覆、族群文化资本累积是Cosplay最为明显的文化表征,通过扮演、易装和设立族群边界的文化实践,青少年以独特的姿态戏谑、抵抗、颠覆父辈和社会主流价值观,完成理想自我和族群身份的认同。     

论“诊疗规范”在医疗过失认定中的作用——兼评《侵权责任法》第五十八条

＂诊疗规范＂在本质上是诊疗实践中的通常做法,或者惯常做法,是在临床实践中逐渐形成的专业常规。各国理论和司法实践均将其作为认定医疗过失的重要但非唯一标准,因此在认定医疗过失时还需参考其他因素。《侵权责任法》第五十八条中的＂诊疗规范＂是形式意义上的,而非实质意义上的,明确了这种区别就能够解释法律将其作为推定医务人员过失标准的深层原因。     

Trust in the proposed EU regulation on trust services?

A few months after ICRI's 20th anniversary conference the European Commission adopted on 4 June 2012 a draft regulation “on electronic identification and trusted services for electronic transactions in the internal market”. The proposed legal framework is intended to give legal effect and mutual recognition to trust services including enhancing current rules on e-signatures and providing a legal framework for electronic seals, time stamping, electronic document acceptability, electronic delivery and website authentication. Yet, this draft Regulation provokes many questions with regard to the implicit “trust” concept on which it is based. Starting from their experience in the EU FP7 uTRUSTit project (Usable Trust in the Internet of Things: www.utrustit.eu) and in other ICRI research projects, Jos Dumortier and Niels Vandezande have analyzed the proposed legislative text of the European Commission and wrote a few critical observations. Although obviously not presented at the conference in November 2011, it seemed worthwhile to add this contribution to its proceedings.     

论影响西部少数民族地区政治稳定的民族认同机制

民族认同机制由民族认同主体、民族认同客体和民族认同内容三要素组成;它在维护西部少数民族地区政治稳定方面发挥着十分重要的功能;要充分发挥民族认同机制在西部少数民族地区的政治稳定功能,就必须做好三个方面的工作：一是优化民族国家认同,奠定民族认同的血缘基础;二是优化民族关系认同,建立健全民族平等机制,搭建民族认同桥梁;三是优化民族自身认同,提升各少数民族自身综合素质。强化民族竞争力。     

论科学证据、专家证言、鉴定意见三者的关系

与科学证据有关的法律概念主要有大陆法的鉴定意见,以及英美法国家的专家证言。鉴定意见与专家证言之间,由于具有不同的证据法原理,不具有可比性。在英美法国家,科学证据应是专家证言的下位概念;在大陆法国家,科学证据与鉴定意见之间的关系,与鉴定的法律定位密切相关,要具体国家具体分析。明确这一点,有利于厘清我国科学证据的相关法律定位及其与鉴定意见之间的关系。     

二元制抑或一元制：医疗纠纷鉴定模式的选择

医疗（事故）纠纷因专门性问题源于医疗事故技术鉴定和司法鉴定的＂二元制＂鉴定模式,致使纠纷解决的法律在选择适用上出现不同的结果,并造成了同一事实的处理结果尤其是赔偿的数额差异甚巨。《侵权责任法》的实施能否终结＂二元制＂鉴定模式,使冲突的相关规定、解释、解答等相关文本在法律适用上归于统一再次成为颇具争论的问题。基于医疗事故技术鉴定与司法鉴定结果在证据性质上的同一,有必要将医疗事故技术＂鉴定＂仅作为行政程序的内容,并进一步建立解决医疗纠纷的鉴定机制,体现鉴定作为证据的＂认定＂功能,以便实现医疗行为共担风险以及利益平衡的基本目标。     

交通事故机动车驾驶人鉴定特点研究

遵循系统科学的原则,将交通事故机动车驾驶人鉴定作为一个体系来研究。机动车驾驶人鉴定的对象虽然是人,但应充分考虑人与车、人与路以及人与整个事故现场之间的关系,既要研究驾驶人自身,也要研究其反映形象以及相关的事实和现象。通过对事故现场、车辆、衣着、人体等要素进行观察和分析,尤其是对各要素之间的关联性和动态性分析,提出了综合鉴定机动车驾驶人的方法。     

相声艺术的群落认同及文化想象

传统相声艺术作为民间文化中笑的艺术,其快乐的本质是一种伦理幸福,也是中国传统文化对相声进行渗透、提升的结果。面对新生意识形态的文化认同构成解放后＂舞台＂新相声的基本艺术冲动,＂家-国想象＂是舞台时代相声艺术实现成功认同的核心机制。进入上世纪90年代,相声在＂回归剧场＂中开始重建多元认同。当前,电视情景喜剧不仅实现了相声在消费时代的＂日常认同再生产＂,更重要的是为相声艺术的产业发展提供了驱动性的媒介经济新框架。