宪法权利视角下的美国目击者辨认证据规则

自1967年的United States v.Wade案开始,美国最高法院逐步发展出目击者辨认证据(排除)规则。在各时期主流司法理念的影响下,律师帮助权和正当程序权利这两项宪法权利共同见证着该规则盛极而衰的历史演变。尽管正当程序正经受国际化浪潮的影响,但是却受到当前美国主流司法理念的抑制,于是很难再产生一次新的革命,目击者辨认证据规则的这一重要理论基础从而也大为削弱。该规则很难再单纯地继续因循修补加完善的传统套路,而是同时需要另辟蹊径采取成文法化的路径来规制辨认程序,这是美国司法界目前及未来面临的一项重要课题。     

Handwriting of the alcoholic

Alcohol intoxication produces abnormal handwriting with manifestations that are thoroughly described in the literature of forensic science. A less known phenomenon is the peculiar handwriting changes found in alcoholics, especially individuals in the later stages of the disease. In addition to the two handwriting states of non-alcoholic drinkers (normal/sober and intoxicated) the alcoholic writer has a third state, handwriting done in withdrawal. Withdrawal is a state of tension resulting in handwriting characterized by irregularity, ataxia and tremor. This type of abnormal handwriting creates special problems of authentication requiring detailed background history and appropriate comparison specimens, but it can also be used to judge the writer's state of sobriety.     

分泌抗人精液特异蛋白P_(30)单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞系的建立和初步应用

作者通过杂交瘤技术建立了9株产生抗精浆特异蛋白 P_(30) 单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞系。它们是由 SP2/0骨髓瘤与经 P_(30) 免疫的 BALB/C 小鼠脾细胞按常规方法进行细胞融合、并经克隆化筛选得出.这些细胞株均经体外培养3个月以上能够稳定分泌抗 P_(30) 单克隆抗体。该抗体只能识别纯化的 P_(30) 和精液中的 P_(30) ;与人精液以外的其他体液和多种人体组织无交叉反应;与几种常见动物的精液和血液无交叉反应。这些 P_(30) 单克隆抗体均属 IgG 类和 IgG_1亚类。其培养上清液和腹水的抗体效价最高分别达到320和128,000。以 ELISA 法应用这些单克隆抗体能很好地鉴定精液和精斑。     

民主化进程中东南亚国家的华人政治参与——以菲律宾、马来西亚和印度尼西亚为例

近年来东南亚华人政治参与发展很快,但各国在参与形式、所选渠道、参与层次及绩效等方面仍存在较大差异.本文通过对菲律宾、马来西亚和印度尼西亚三国华人政治参与的比较分析,发现民主化进程的确推动了华人政治参与的扩大,但具体影响方式、影响范围和影响力大小又是不确定的.合作、竞争和依附,至少构成三种不同的路径选择.较之民主化因素,民族身份认同对东南亚国家华人政治参与模式选择的影响更大.     

浅谈骨骼年龄的鉴定

骨骼年龄鉴定是法医实践中常见而难度较大的工作。文章主要就近年来国内外骨龄鉴定的研究进展进行了概括性的介绍,旨在为骨龄鉴定的法医工作提供参考。     

Computer controlled scanner for laser enhanced photography

The use of a scanner to control the photography of fingerprints, shoeprints and other trace contacts which fluoresce under irradiation from an argon ion laser is described. This scanner has been built to cover areas varying in size from a single fingerprint to a shoeprint and provides for variable speed, step size and angle of radiation which are all very important in this highly specialised area of photography.     

Application of photoluminescent CdS/PAMAM nanocomposites in fingerprint detection

Uniform and well-dispersed photoluminescent semiconductor CdS (cadmium sulfide) QDs (quantum dots) were in situ prepared inside Generation 4.0-NH(2) PAMAM (polyamidoamine) dendrimers in methanol, methanol and water mixed solutions of volume ratio 1:9, respectively. The prepared solutions containing photoluminescent semiconductor CdS QDs were utilized for detection of cyanoacrylate ester fumed fingerprints on tinfoil. The results show that fumed latent fingerprints treated with prepared CdS/PAMAM nanocomposites in methanol, 1:9 methanol:water mixed solutions emit pale yellow-green and orange luminescence respectively under ultraviolet excitation of 365 nm from an UV LED. Fumed fingerprints were successfully detected with good resolving rate and the mechanism was studied in detail.     

喷墨打印字迹笔画周围飞溅墨点形态特征比较研究

喷墨打印机品牌和型号的识别是我国文检领域的难题.本文收集了惠普、佳能、爱普生三大品牌,共11种型号的喷墨打印机打印的28份实验样本,在体视显微镜下对样本字迹笔画周围飞溅墨点的显微形态特征进行了观察比较.通过比较分析,发现惠普、佳能、爱普生三大品牌的喷墨打印机所打印字迹在笔画周围飞溅墨点的显微形态特征方面存在明显差异,可据此对三大品牌进行识别.     

铁路运输领域破坏交通设施罪有关问题的研究

我国铁路法和刑法典及相关司法解释对于破坏交通设施罪在罪与非罪、重罪与轻罪标准方面的规定不同,必然导致司法实践中认定犯罪和罪责大小存在一定困难。不仅如此,由于铁路运输专业性强,本罪的构成及罪责大小均需要专业性的、中立的技术鉴定。上述问题关乎司法公正、条文解释与修改,应该引起有关方面足够的重视并在司法实践和立法中予以解决。     

Semi quantitative detection of signature peptides in body fluids by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)

This study covers a modified semi-quantitative approach to detecting signature peptides for body fluid identification. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer normally used for toxicology was adapted to detect target ion transitions for five semen or saliva specific peptides. Peptide concentrations were measured based on a mixture of synthetic peptide standards. Samples were processed using a three-hour trypsin digestion and Microcon membrane filtration. This method generates PCR compatible DNA and peptide fractions that can be typed without any further treatment. Preliminary validation tests covered stains on different substrates, semen/saliva mixtures, limit of detection, and repeatability. All signature peptides were present at different concentrations, varied amongst donors, and were tissue specific. Saliva peptides were detected at lower concentrations and had a higher limit of detection (LOD). Semen peptides had higher concentrations and were detected even as a minor component in a mixture. All semen peptides and all, but one, saliva peptides were detected on the various substrates. Semen peptide concentrations had relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 20%, indicating high repeatability, different from saliva where higher RSDs were observed. DNA fractions did not show signs of degradation or PCR inhibition.