The internal and external constraints on foreign policy in India: exploring culture and ethnic sensitivities

The main argument of this contribution is that the distinction between internal and external is at best blurred and in reality does not make much sense in the case of India’s foreign policy. It may start and end at the border and be determined by negotiations, diplomacy or brute force but there is no conclusive evidence in the literature to decide what determines what. There are important dynamics and interplays across the thin line between the domestic and international spheres, especially in terms of understanding the reciprocal challenges related to how factors of culture and ethnicity relate with the legitimacy of the state. The aim of the paper is to serve four purposes. To unpack and give a critical overview of the debates concerned with the internal and external aspects of India’s foreign policy; to situate the literature dealing more specifically with domestic issues related to culture and ethnicity and outline the main approaches involved; to give an overview of how external factors impact foreign policy conduct and relate to India’s role in defining international norms and regulations; and, finally, to give some theoretical markers, suggestions and concluding remarks.     

应对外资银行进入的冲击

入世以来 ,外资银行的进入对我国金融业的冲击比原来预计的要严峻得多 ,对民族金融业的存废问题、跨国银行的本质和应采取的政策问题、对外资银行应采取严进严管问题以及中资银行如何应对外资银行冲击等问题提出了相应对策与建议。     

欧盟共同外交政策建设评估

外交政策一体化是欧洲一体化应有之义。CFSP的启动 ,标志着欧盟共同外交政策建设的一个里程碑。近些年来 ,CFSP建设的力度加大 ,并取得了显著的进展。但它还远没有成为真正意义上的共同政策。展望未来 ,欧盟既具有实现共同外交政策的潜力 ,但依然存在着诸多障碍 ,其过程将不会一帆风顺     

国有企业改革中的外资并购问题研究

外资并购对于我国的国有企业改革具有重要意义,而该措施要发挥应有的作用,必须结合我国国有企业改革的现状,采取切实措施,积极稳妥地推进外资并购国有企业工作。     

外国留学生管理工作的思考

对外国留学生的管理是公安机关人民警察涉外警务的重要内容,作为一项系统工程,它与许多部门有着密切的工作关系。外国留学生管理的效应不仅关系到城市形象和国家形象,而且还关系到我国的对外关系和国际影响。因此,必须明确外国留学生管理的工作定位,及时转变在外国留学生管理认识上的一些传统思想观念,加强留学生管理工作的社会化、法制化和科技化。     

谈学生翻译练习中的理解问题

释义翻译是我国大学生学习外语的一种手段 ,但这种翻译活动只注意词语释义和语法分析。学生在学习翻译课程阶段解读原文仍然局限于句子的语法框架内 ,虽然在语法意义上读懂了 ,但在逻辑意义上并没真正读懂原文。翻译课程应引导学生逐步摆脱字对字翻译形成的思维习惯 ,求得在高一层次和更宽的范围内理解原文内涵。     

利用多媒体手段培养汉语口语交际能力

多媒体教学手段在对外汉语课堂教学中可以发挥其长处,达到更好的教学效果,特别是在培养外国留学生的汉语口语交际能力方面可以发挥出更大的作用。利用多媒体教学不但可以提高学生的学习训练效果,而且可以保持教师的教学水平。多媒体教学手段并不能取代传统的课堂教学手段,也不是要取消教师在课堂上的作用,但会给目前的教学带来很大的变化。     

海牙管辖权公约(草案)条件下的未决诉讼

不方便法院、最先受理与承认预期规则构成了未决诉讼制度的主要基础。由于其本身的缺陷 ,在现有的法律背景下 ,它们正在沦为歧视性工具或法院争夺司法利益的工具。《海牙管辖权公约 (草案 )》一旦正式成文并生效 ,将提供一种全新的法律背景 ,有助于未决诉讼制度公正目的的实现     

Shedder status: Exploring means of determination

“Shedder status” or “shedder type” are commonly used terms that categorise an individual based on their ability to deposit “touch” DNA via direct contact with a surface. However, it is not yet clear how best to categorise an individual into a shedder class, or how to allocate a shedder score on a sliding scale. This study considers categorisation of participants into discrete shedder categories based on DNA quantity and profile quality data, the maintenance of their shedder status over an extended period, and explores whether different methods of deposition or collection directly from hands or other body areas are interchangeable and/or more appropriate means of determining an individual’s shedder status.The shedder categorisation of participants was possible from their handprints and remained unchanged over three years. Washing hands had limited impact and shedder categorisation was not readily possible from samples collected directly from hands, other body areas or gloves after wearing gloves for a set duration. Use of consecutive deposits may assist in establishing a participant’s shedder status. As shedder categorisation may be of relevance during activity level assessments further efforts towards the ability to do so are necessary.