Lethal small bowel obstruction due to pica

Up to 25% of institutionalized patients with cognitive deficiencies display pica-like behavior, with an estimated annual incidence of small bowel obstruction of 2%. We present a case based on the forensic autopsy of a 41-year-old woman who died as a result of a missed diagnosis of small bowel obstruction after ingesting a foreign body. The case underlines the importance of precaution when treating patients with cognitive deficiency and/or language deficits and gastrointestinal symptoms. In such cases, it is important to employ a liberal threshold for radiological investigations and, if possible, obtain a medical history from a person close to the patient.     

What do forensic analysts consider relevant to their decision making?

In response to research demonstrating that irrelevant contextual information can bias forensic science analyses, authorities have increasingly urged laboratories to limit analysts' access to irrelevant and potentially biasing information (Dror and Cole (2010) [3]; National Academy of Sciences (2009) [18]; President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (2016) [22]; UK Forensic Science Regulator (2015) [26]). However, a great challenge in implementing this reform is determining which information is task-relevant and which is task-irrelevant. In the current study, we surveyed 183 forensic analysts to examine what they consider relevant versus irrelevant in their forensic analyses. Results revealed that analysts generally do not regard information regarding the suspect or victim as essential to their analytic tasks. However, there was significant variability among analysts within and between disciplines. Findings suggest that forensic science disciplines need to agree on what they regard as task-relevant before context management procedures can be properly implemented. The lack of consensus about what is relevant information not only leaves room for biasing information, but also reveals foundational gaps in what analysts consider crucial in forensic decision making.     

冠状动脉内弹力膜缺损与冠心病猝死的关系

目的探讨冠状动脉内弹力膜(IEL)病变与冠心病猝死(SCD)的关系。方法从本单位近5年尸检案例中挑选60例病例和心脏标本,分为SCD组、对照组A和B组。每例分别在冠状动脉左前降支近段取材,常规制片,HE和双重组合特殊染色,显微镜下观察冠状动脉IEL,并用图像分析技术对特殊染色的IEL进行形态定量分析。结果60例中,SCD组(男性24例,女性6例,年龄30~83岁)的冠状动脉IEL缺失明显(缺失率=41.64%),未缺失的IEL失去原有弯曲度而变平直;对照组A(冠心病非猝死者,男性13例、女性2例,年龄41~80岁)的冠状动脉IEL缺失程度较SCD组稍轻(缺失率=30.53%);对照组B(无冠心病的其他死者,男性8例,女性7例,年龄17~54岁)的冠状动脉IEL仅有轻度缺失(缺失率=15.67%),多保持原有波浪状结构。统计学分析显示,SCD组与对照组、SCD组与对照组B、对照组A与对照组B之间IEL缺损率的差异均具有极显著性意义;SCD组与对照组A在IEL缺损率上的差异有显著性意义。结论SCD与其冠状动脉IEL缺损率的大小密切相关。     

冠状动脉粥样斑块中C-反应蛋白的免疫组化研究

目的探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中C-反应蛋白(CRP)对冠心病猝死(SCD)的诊断意义。方法从本教研室2001~2004年尸检案例中挑选68例案例资料和心脏标本,分为3组A组SCD(27例);B组冠心病非猝死者(21例);C组无明显动脉粥样硬化病变的死者(20例);应用免疫组化染色(SABC法)和图像分析技术,检测每例冠状动脉左前降支和右主支粥样硬化斑块内的CRP染色情况,并对所得数据进行统计分析。结果A组有20例CRP免疫组化染色强阳性,6例呈较强阳性,1例为弱阳性;B组中3例呈较弱阳性,11例微弱阳性,7例为阴性;C组均未见阳性反应。结论检测冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中的CRP对SCD的死后诊断具有一定意义。     

单管实时PCR快速检验ABO基因型

目的建立快捷特异的ABO基因分型检测方法。方法根据ABO基因结构特点,设计特异性引物和四色双链探针,采用单管实时PCR方法检测ABO基因,结果与传统免疫学方法相对比。结果该方法可检出常见的3个等位基因,区分常见的6种基因型,全部检测过程可在100min内完成。110例中国人的随机个体定型结果与传统免疫学方法一致。结论实时PCR法进行ABO基因分型,简便快捷,灵敏度高,可以有效地为侦查破案服务。     

鉴定与司法鉴定概念的引入及其演进研究

本文结合史料,对汉语和我国法律中的“鉴定”与“司法鉴定”两个词语的来源与演变进行了回顾和分析。同时,还对鉴定一词当初引入法律和司法鉴定法律界定产生的历史和现实意义进行了初步阐述。     

非言语交际与外语课堂教学

非言语交际是交际过程中的一个重要部分。在外语课堂教学中,恰当使用非言语交际行为,能够增加信息量,提高学生学习兴趣。本文分析了非言语交际行为在外语课堂教学中的表现形式和作用,指出了非言语交际在教学中的重要性及不容忽视性。     

MDMA的死后再分布及其机制

对MDMA死后再分布及其发生机制进行的动物实验和案例研究的文献,阐述MDMA死后心血浓度升高、死后通过胃肠道和气管内MDMA的再分布、MDMA在死后代谢再分布中的作用,以及死后再分布的发生机制与死后血液流动、顺浓度梯度扩散、毒物的代谢等有关的问题。     

STR等位基因梯阶制备的研究

目的 建立制备STR的等位基因梯阶标准对照的新方法。方法 以T-质粒载体直接连接STR等位基因扩增产物,导入大肠杆菌,使其随大肠杆菌的无性繁殖而复制、扩增,获得单一DNA分子的大量拷贝;经PCR鉴定及测序分析后,制备出标准的STR等位基因梯阶对照(AL)。结果 所建方法制备出了标准AL;保存重组质粒及转染的大肠杆菌,可保证AL的大量快速制备,并能长期保存。结论 该方法制备的AL在法医物证检验中有很高的应用价值,对STR试剂盒国产化有重要意义。     

利用视觉观察肱骨末端确定尸骨性别

本文介绍了利用肱骨末端的四个形态特征确认性别的一种新方法。这项技术参考了美国UNM大学和UTK大学的研究结果 ,涉及到胳膊传递角的四个统计意义的特征共同参予鉴定 (P <0 .0 5 )。性别鉴定的准确率达到 92 %。