GATT/WTO下的环境——贸易争端评析

随着国际环境法的发展 ,GATT/WTO受理的环境———贸易争端呈现出三个阶段的变化。发达国家扩展其国内环境法的域外效力而与致力于经济目标的发展中国家产生贸易冲突 ,使这类争端日益增多 ;GATT/WTO争端解决机构适用法律时逐渐接受环保理念 ;争端解决机制通过一系列改革逐步提高了处理环境与贸易交叉问题的能力。但是 ,GATT/WTO的贸易法原则和贸易争端解决机制决定了它不可能成为解决环境———贸易争端的理想机制。     

Application of fragment analysis based on methylation status mobility difference to identify vaginal secretions

Identifying vaginal secretions attaching or adhering to a suspect’s belongings would be beneficial for reconstructing the events that have taken place during a sexual assault. The present study describes a novel approach to identify vaginal secretions by fragment analysis using capillary electrophoresis, based on the mobility differences of PCR amplicons from bisulfite-treated DNA depending on methylation status. We targeted three genome regions including each of three vaginal secretion-specific methylated CpG sites reported previously: cg25416153, cg09765089, and cg14991487. In all three genome regions, the amplicon peaks for methylated genomic DNA (gDNA) sequences were only detected in vaginal samples, whereas samples of other body fluids (blood, saliva, semen, and deposit on skin surface) only showed amplicon peaks for unmethylated gDNA sequences. In vaginal secretions, the methylation ratio of each of the three targeted regions between samples was variable, while the ratios at the three regions in each sample were similar. Furthermore, commercial vaginal epithelial cells were completely methylated at the three regions. Therefore, vaginal secretion-specific methylation may derive from vaginal epithelial cells present in the sample.In forensic cases with a limited amount of DNA, the reproducibility of a detected peak using the present method is not high due to degradation of DNA by bisulfite treatment and subsequent stochastic PCR bias. However, it was possible to detect peaks from methylated DNA sequences by performing PCR and capillary electrophoresis in triplicate after bisulfite treatment, even when bisulfite treatment was performed using 0.5 ng of gDNA from vaginal secretions. In addition, the level of methylation at each targeted region was found to be stable in vaginal secretions stored for 1 year at room temperature. Therefore, we conclude that detection of the visual peak from vaginal secretion-specific methylated DNA sequence is useful to prove the presence of vaginal secretions. This approach has the potential to analyze multiple marker regions simultaneously, and may provide a new multiplex assay to identify various body fluids.     

中国诗学本体流变论

中国诗学的本体不可以诗言志或诗言情一言以蔽之,它有志、情、性、灵四种形态,虽说任何历史阶段的诗学本体都是共时与历时、多义与变化的综合,但仍然呈现出明显的阶段性。它开山于志,经情志的过渡而达于情,再经情性和性情的转换而达于性,又经性灵的转换而最终达于灵。诗学本体的流变,可以说是中国诗学史的主脉。     

论“一国两制”视阈中的政党制度和政党关系

我国已经形成了大陆和港澳台地区的不同政党制度。“一国两制”视阈中的政党制度应当具有超前性、包容性和可行性。“一国两制”视阈中的政党关系，可以大概分为合作型政党关系、协商型政党关系和竞争型政党关系三种。为了继续保持并提升党的执政能力和领导地位，中国共产党要“抓大放小”，构建学习型政党组织，把所拥有的执政资源转化为执政能力和领导能力。     

血细胞X染色体失活偏移与女性体质关联性研究

目的:探索血细胞X染色体失活偏移(skewed X-chromosomal inactivation, SXCI)与女性体质的关联性.方法:对15岁以上、获知情同意的1 103例健康女性,采用标准化中医体质量表计算各亚量表分数,判定个体为平和质或偏颇体质.对上述个体的外周血标本,提取基因组DNA,经Hpa Ⅱ消化后,PCR扩增雄激素受体(androgen receptor, AR)基因,产物经变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,银染显示结果,比较Hpa Ⅱ消化前后AR基因扩增产物的强度差异,计算其校正比值(CR).结果:以CR≥3为判断SXCI标准时,平和质、气虚质、阳虚质、阴虚质、痰湿质、湿热质、瘀血质、气郁质、特禀质组间SXCI的发生率分别为8.9%(33/370)、32.0%(48/150)、8.1%(5/62)、11.3%(6/53)、18.4%(16/87)、22.9%(19/83)、10.9%(5/46)、29.0%(29/100)和8.0%(4/50),发生率间有显著性差异(χ2=61.071,P<0.05).气虚质、痰湿质、湿热质与气郁质SXCI发生率较高,分别为32.0%(48/150)、18.4%(16/87)、22.9%(19/83)和29.0%(29/100).分型与SXCI关联系数为0.244(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义.结论:血细胞SXCI与女性体质关联.     

海峡两岸关系未来发展的中华传统文化基础

今日海峡两岸关系问题,从某种意义上讲,是中华传统文化影响而生的中国式问题。按和平统一、一国两制构想,未来两岸关系发展,应是求同存异前提下互利合作不断加深。作为两岸共同语言共同兴趣爱好的传统文化,正是未来两岸关系发展的坚实基础。传统文化在两岸关系中的这一重要角色作用,过去并未受到足够重视,没有发挥应有作用。文化上的中国或中华因素的充分适当运用,也许是推进未来两岸关系发展的最重要方略之一。     

为铮铮警界注入柔美之光——将“经典音乐介入式”舞蹈形体训练课程引入公安院校初探

与警务实战训练相比,“经典音乐介入式”舞蹈形体训练更强调音乐的伴随性以及训练过程的轻缓与舒畅,辅助着重逻辑性与理性培养的相关课程,与其形成互补,不仅能够有效提高新一代警务人员的感性素质及观察事物的敏感度、表达情感时与语言相协调的肢体表现力的准确度以及形象及肢体语言的亲和度,还能很好地培养出可与警务人员终身相伴的形象思维能力和创造性思维能力。除此之外,借鉴经典艺术所闪现的人性光辉,来启示未来警务工作者的人文精神,塑造其优秀的人格、信念、职业操守与道德品质。     

体表损伤和颅骨骨折形态特点的力学分析

法医在实际工作中发现,在诸多死亡案例中,颅脑损伤是最常见的死亡原因之一,而颅脑损伤多伴有颅骨的骨折。通过颅骨骨折形态特点的力学分析,可以确定死亡原因、案件性质、致伤物的种类和形态等,为案件的成功侦破提供诸多线索。     

The Theory on Social Ideal in Eastern Zhou Dynasty

Chinese ancient social ideals theory first appeared in the Eastern Zhou dynasty. They show the longing for a better society of people suffering continuous war in the Warring States era.These doctrines include “Datong” visioned by Book, Benevolence pursued by Mencius, “A small Utopian society” longed by Lao-tse, “D's World” pursued by Zhuang zi, “One World” craved by Mr. Yuchi, “Catholic society” advocated in Lushi-chunqiu. “Sharing the world together and enjoying mutual benefit.” designed by Six Secret Teachings. These doctrines have one thing in common: the rulers of the ideal society are expected to have the public mind , people loving each other and members of the community achieving wealth sharing, so as to ensure the social well-being and harmony. They share similarities with western socialist doctrines laying emphasis on “selfless” and “communism”. Nowadays, the Chinese Dream can absorb many valuable and thoughtful resources from them.     

论CEPA的法律性质

将CEPA的性质简单地归结为国际法或国内法都存在不妥之处。CEPA是以WTO有关规定为指针所达成的区域经济一体化安排,但是这种安排不同于其他类似的安排,既不具有国际法性质,也不隶属于其中任何一方的法域,而是三地根据一国两制原则所达成的特殊的区域经济一体化安排。CEPA的恰当定性对其实施具有重要的指导作用。