论刑讯逼供者对受害人的损害赔偿责任

刑讯逼供是一种恶意侵犯公民人身权利的违法行为。在刑讯逼供者是否应当向受害人承担损害赔偿责任的问题上,许多国家和地区的立法持肯定态度,如英国、美国、法国及我国台湾地区。为充分填补受害人的损害,惩罚和遏制刑讯逼供的不法行为,我国应当确立刑讯逼供者对受害人的损害赔偿责任制度。该制度的确立应当从完善国家赔偿法和民法的有关规定来进行。     

中德过错责任损害赔偿范围比较研究

文章运用比较的方法 ,从人身伤害、财产损害以及精神损害的赔偿范围入手来探析中德过错责任的立法及适用 ,指出了我国立法上的不足之处 ,提出了一些完善立法的建议 ,以图为我国立法和司法提供一些有益的参考     

过失危险犯基本问题研究

我国刑法中的妨害传染病防治罪、妨害国境卫生检疫罪以及过失损坏广播电信设施、公用电信设施罪属于过失危险犯的立法例。对于过失危险行为应当予以适度的犯罪化。我国关于过失危险犯的立法有进一步完善的必要。     

略论国家赔偿制度中的精神损害赔偿

精神损害赔偿是国家赔偿制度中的重要组成部分 ,然而 ,目前我国的国家赔偿法中并未规定精神损害赔偿 ,这不利于充分保障公民的权益。本文主要论述了在国家赔偿制度中规定精神损害赔偿的必要性 ,并对其中的一些具体问题进行探讨。     

新形势下污染环境犯罪的惩治与预防

针对我国目前污染环境犯罪预防与惩治的法律规制及实务的状况,认为有必要加强教育、树立全新的生态观念和环境意识,坚持可持续性发展战略,增设污染环境犯罪为危险犯形态、增加犯罪种类及对污染环境犯罪的实务予以关注等。     

损伤导致精神损伤程度评定标准的研究

目的探讨损伤导致精神障碍损伤程度评定标准。方法受理的297例损伤导致精神障碍损伤程度的法医学鉴定资料进行回顾性研究。结果297例中,重伤91例,轻伤93例,轻微伤44例,伤病关系评定69例。结论通过对297例精神损伤程度司法鉴定的分析,提出了具体的可操作性强的评定标准,以期在实践中进一步完善。     

涉外船舶油污损害赔偿的若干法律问题探讨

船舶油污严重污染了海洋环境。含有涉外因素的油污损害赔偿主要受国际公约调整,但在损害赔偿的主体、范围、责任限额等方面仍有进一步探讨的必要,以便于澄清相关问题。     

A New Method for the Characterization of the Degree of Fire Damage to Gypsum Wallboard for Use in Fire Investigations

A new method to characterize the degree of fire damage to gypsum wallboard is introduced, implemented, and tested to determine the efficacy of its application among novices. The method was evaluated by comparing degree of fire damage assessments of novices with and without the method. Thirty-nine “novice” raters assessed damage to a gypsum wallboard surface, completing 66 ratings, first without the method, and then again using the method. The inter-rater reliability was evaluated for ratings of damage without and with the method. For novice fire investigators rating degree of damage without the aid of the method, ICC(1,2) = 0.277 with 95% CI (0.211, 0.365), and with the method, ICC(2,1) = 0.593 with 95% CI (0.509, 0.684). Results indicate that the raters were more reliable in their analysis of the degree of fire damage when using the method, which support the use of standardized processes to decrease the variability in data collection and interpretation.     

Mucosal Cell Isolation and Analysis from Cellular Mixtures of Three Contributors

In forensic genetic analyses, mixtures of various biological materials are common samples. Micromanipulation, which is performed based on differences in cellular morphology, is an effective method for the isolation of cells from mixtures. In this study, mucosal cell was isolated from somatic cellular mixtures (blood and saliva) based on micromanipulation and a low volume‐PCR (LV‐PCR) platform. One hundred and twenty‐six parallel LV‐PCR processes were performed using an Identifiler^® kit, with 107 reactions yielding single‐source DNA profiles. Among them, 54 full profiles (50%) and 37 partial profiles (13–15 loci) were obtained. Based on the above method, we obtained a single‐source DNA profile from a cigarette butt contaminated by two victims’ blood in a murder case. The generated genotype was used to query a DNA database, and a perfect match was found.     

气候变化的损害赔偿与国家责任问题研究

气候变化引发气候灾害,给人类已经或必将造成巨大威胁。气候变化的损害具有传统跨界环境损害所不具备的特征,由此引起的国家责任问题也具有其特殊性。国家责任的构成要件——国家行为的不法性、谨慎行事的注意义务标准、损害的可预见性及其对责任的限制功能、因果关系及其证明责任分配在气候变化的损害赔偿问题均需要被重新审视,甚至重构。国家责任的承担方式——金钱补偿和精神安慰在气候变化的损害赔偿语境下仍有其可适用性,但恢复原状的责任形式则无法适用。特别对纯粹的生态损害的赔偿更是如此。由于气候变化的损害赔偿领域国家实践和国际判例至为罕见,因而对传统国家责任法的理论改造与制度创新刻不容缓。